HTML Character Encoding

Overview

In order to display a web page correctly, your web browser needs to know what character set to use. In the early days of the World Wide Web this was not really a problem, because the only character set used for web pages was the 128-character ASCII character set.

Within a decade, however, the web had become a truly worldwide phenomenon, and the resulting demand for internationalisation led to the development of a number of disparate and largely incompatible international character sets. It soon became obvious that some kind of international standard was needed.

ASCII

ASCII (sometimes referred to as US-ASCII) is the abbreviation for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character encoding standard developed for electronic communication and based on typographical symbols predominantly used in the United States. The ASCII standard was first published in 1963 and was most recently updated in 1986. ASCII has been widely-used to represent text in computers and telecommunications devices.

The table below lists the ASCII characters together with their decimal and hexadecimal code points. It also gives the named HTML entity used to represent a character, if one exists. Note that a numeric HTML entity exists for every printable character in the ASCII character set. It consists of an ampersand (&) followed by a hash sign (#) and then the decimal code point followed by a semi-colon (;). The upper-case character 'A' would thus be represented as follows:

A

The hexadecimal code point can also be used. The format is the same, except that an 'x' precedes the hexadecimal code to indicate that a hexadecimal code point is being used. Here is the hexadecimal numeric HTML entity for the upper-case character 'A':

A

The use of HTML entities is normally only required for characters that have special meaning within the HTML code itself, like the quotation mark, apostrophe, ampersand, less than, and greater than sympols (we have highlighted the corresponding entity names in the table).

The ASCII Character Set

Dec	Hex	Char	CTRL CHR/ HTML entity name		Dec	Hex	Char	HTML entity name
000	00	-	NUL		064	40	@	@
001	01	-	SOH		065	41	A	-
002	02	-	STX		066	42	B	-
003	03	-	ETX		067	43	C	-
004	04	-	EOT		068	44	D	-
005	05	-	ENQ		069	45	E	-
006	06	-	ACK		070	46	F	-
007	07	-	BEL		071	47	G	-
008	08	-	BS		072	48	H	-
009	09	-	HT		073	49	I	-
010	0A	-	LF		074	4A	J	-
011	0B	-	VT		075	4B	K	-
012	0C	-	FF		076	4C	L	-
013	0D	-	CR		077	4D	M	-
014	0E	-	SO		078	4E	N	-
015	0F	-	SI		079	4F	O	-
016	10	-	DLE		080	50	P	-
017	11	-	DC1		081	51	Q	-
018	12	-	DC2		082	52	R	-
019	13	-	DC3		083	53	S	-
020	14	-	DC4		084	54	T	-
021	15	-	NAK		085	55	U	-
022	16	-	SYN		086	56	V	-
023	17	-	ETB		087	57	W	-
024	18	-	CAN		088	58	X	-
025	19	-	EM		089	59	Y	-
026	1A	-	SUB		090	5A	Z	-
027	1B	-	ESC		091	5B	[	[
028	1C	-	FS		092	5C	\	\
029	1D	-	GS		093	5D	]	]
030	1E	-	RS		094	5E	^	^
031	1F	-	US		095	5F	_	_
032	20		-		096	60	`	`
033	21	!	!		097	61	a	-
034	22	"	"		098	62	b	-
035	23	#	#		099	63	c	-
036	24	$	$		100	64	d	-
037	25	%	%		101	65	e	-
038	26	&	&		102	66	f	-
039	27	'	'		103	67	g	-
040	28	(	(		104	68	h	-
041	29	)	)		105	69	i	-
042	2A	*	* *		106	6A	j	-
043	2B	+	+		107	6B	k	-
044	2C	,	,		108	6C	l	-
045	2D	-	−		109	6D	m	-
046	2E	.	.		110	6E	n	-
047	2F	/	/		111	6F	o	-
048	30	0	-		112	70	p	-
049	31	1	-		113	71	q	-
050	32	2	-		114	72	r	-
051	33	3	-		115	73	s	-
052	34	4	-		116	74	t	-
053	35	5	-		117	75	u	-
054	36	6	-		118	76	v	-
055	37	7	-		119	77	w	-
056	38	8	-		120	78	x	-
057	39	9	-		121	79	y	-
058	3A	:	:		122	7A	z	-
059	3B	;	;		123	7B	{	{
060	3C	<	&lt;		124	7C	|	&verbar;
061	3D	=	&equals;		125	7D	}	&rcub;
062	3E	>	&gt;		126	7E	~	-
063	3F	?	&quest;		127	7F	-	DEL

ASCII uses a 7-bit character encoding (the eighth bit was originally reserved for parity checking). This allows a total of one hundred and twenty-eight characters to be encoded. The first thirty-two characters are non-printing control characters (now mostly obsolete) used in data transmission, or to control devices such as printers. The last character (127 or 7F_hex is the delete (DEL) control character.

The ninety-five remaining code points (32 to 126 or 20_hex to 7E_hex) all represent printable characters, including the digits 0 to 9, the lowercase letters a to z, the uppercase letters A to Z, a number of punctuation symbols and other symbols, and the space character. The ASCII character set forms the basis for more recent character encoding standards such as ISO-8859 and UTF-8.

ISO/IEC 8859

The default character set for the HTML 4.0 standard which emerged towards the end of the 1990s was based on the ISO/IEC 8859 series of standards for 8-bit character encodings. Unlike ASCII, ISO/IEC 8859 used all eight bits to encode characters and was thus able to represent twice as many characters.

The first 128 characters were identical to those in the ASCII character set, making ISO/IEC 8859 a superset of ASCII. Characters 128-159 were reserved for control characters. The remaining 96 places were intended for non-ASCII characters used by other languages based on the classical Latin alphabet.

Because the number of extra characters required to support these languages far exceeded the 96 places available, the ISO/IEC 8859 standard consisted of fifteen separate parts: ISO/IEC 8859-1 - ISO/IEC 8859-16 (ISO/IEC 8859-12 was abandoned). Each part was intended for use with a different set of languages.

The table below gives a brief summary of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of standards. The left-hand column shows year in which the current version of the corresponding part was published. The year in which the original version was published, if applicable, is shown in parentheses.

Summary of ISO/IEC 8859 Parts 1-16

Part	Name	Language support
Part 1 1998 (1987)	Latin-1 (Western European) ISO/IEC 8859-1	Danish (partial), Dutch (partial), English, Faeroese, Finnish (partial), French (partial), German, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romanic, Scottish Gaelic, Spanish, Catalan, Swedish, Albanian, Southeast Asian Indonesian, Afrikaans, Swahili. Revised as ISO/IEC 8859-15 in 1999.
Part 2 1999 (1987)	Latin-2 (Central European) ISO/IEC 8859-2	Bosnian, Polish, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Serbian, Hungarian.
Part 3 1999 (1988)	Latin-3 (South European) ISO/IEC 8859-3	Turkish, Maltese, Esperanto. Largely superceded by ISO/IEC 8859-9 for Turkish.
Part 4 1998 (1988)	Latin-4 (North European) ISO/IEC 8859-4	Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Greenlandic, Sami.
Part 5 1999 (1988)	Latin/Cyrillic ISO/IEC 8859-5	Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian (partial).
Part 6 1999 (1987)	Latin/Arabic ISO/IEC 8859-6	Covers most common Arabic language characters.
Part 7 2003 (1987)	Latin/Greek ISO/IEC 8859-7	Modern Greek, Ancient Greek (limited to monotonic orthography).
Part 8 1999 (1988)	Latin/Hebrew ISO/IEC 8859-8	Covers the modern Hebrew alphabet as used in Israel.
Part 9 1999 (1989)	Latin-5 (Turkish) ISO/IEC 8859-9	Turkish (similar to ISO/IEC 8859-1, but with Turkish characters replacing Icelandic characters).
Part 10 1998 (1992)	Latin-6 (Nordic) ISO/IEC 8859-10	Nordic languages.
Part 11 2001	Latin/Thai ISO/IEC 8859-11	Contains characters needed for the Thai language.
Part 13 1998	Latin-7 (Baltic Rim) ISO/IEC 8859-13	Baltic languages.
Part 14 1998	Latin-8 (Celtic) ISO/IEC 8859-14	Celtic languages such as Gaelic and the Breton language.
Part 15 1999	Latin-9 ISO/IEC 8859-15	A revision of 8859-1 that removes seldom-used symbols and adds the euro sign € and the letters Š, š, Ž, ž, Œ, œ, and Ÿ (completes coverage of French, Finnish and Estonian).
Part 16 2001	Latin-10 (South-Eastern European) ISO/IEC 8859-16	Albanian, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Slovene, Finnish, French, German, Irish Gaelic.

The default character set for HTML 4 was the Latin 1 (Western European) character set ISO/IEC 8859-1. To use a different character set, it was necessary to explicitly specify the character encoding to be used - for example by using a meta element with the charset parameter, or by using the http-equiv and content attributes within the document's <head> tag).

For the majority of languages, the required character repertoire could be found in a single part of the standard, but this was not true in every case. Moreover, a number of East Asian languages, including Chinese, Japanese and Korean, are not represented at all in the ISO/IEC 8859 system. These shortcomings would be addressed by the development of the Unicode standard.

The table below lists characters 128 – 255 in the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire together with their decimal and hexadecimal code points and named HTML entities. Numeric HTML entities exist for every printable character in the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire and can be derived in the manner described for ASCII printable characters (see above).

ISO/IEC 8859-1 (characters 128-255)

Dec	Hex	Char	CTRL CHR/ HTML entity name		Dec	Hex	Char	HTML entity name
128	80	-	PAD		192	C0	À	À
129	81	-	HOP		193	C1	Á	Á
130	82	-	BPH		194	C2	Â	Â
131	83	-	NBH		195	C3	Ã	Ã
132	84	-	IND		196	C4	Ä	Ä
133	85	-	NEL		197	C5	Å	Å
134	86	-	SSA		198	C6	Æ	Æ
135	87	-	ESA		199	C7	Ç	Ç
136	88	-	HTS		200	C8	È	È
137	89	-	HTJ		201	C9	É	É
138	8A	-	VTS		202	CA	Ê	Ê
139	8B	-	PLD		203	CB	Ë	Ë
140	8C	-	PLU		204	CC	Ì	Ì
141	8D	-	RI		205	CD	Í	Í
142	8E	-	SS2		206	CE	Î	Î
143	8F	-	SS3		207	CF	Ï	Ï
144	90	-	DCS		208	D0	Ð	Ð
145	91	-	PU1		209	D1	Ñ	Ñ
146	92	-	PU2		210	D2	Ò	Ò
147	93	-	STS		211	D3	Ó	Ó
148	94	-	CCH		212	D4	Ô	Ô
149	95	-	MW		213	D5	Õ	Õ
150	96	-	SPA		214	D6	Ö	Ö
151	97	-	EPA		215	D7	×	×
152	98	-	SOS		216	D8	Ø	Ø
153	99	-	SGC1		217	D9	Ù	Ù
154	9A	-	SCI		218	DA	Ú	Ú
155	9B	-	CSI		219	DB	Û	Û
156	9C	-	SC		220	DC	Ü	Ü
157	9D	-	OST		221	DD	Ý	Ý
158	9E	-	PM		222	DE	Þ	Þ
159	9F	-	APC		223	DF	ß	ß
160	A0		 		224	E0	à	à
161	A1	¡	¡		225	E1	á	á
162	A2	¢	¢		226	E2	â	â
163	A3	£	£		227	E3	ã	ã
164	A4	¤	¤		228	E4	ä	ä
165	A5	¥	¥		229	E5	å	å
166	A6	¦	¦		230	E6	æ	æ
167	A7	§	§		231	E7	ç	ç
168	A8	¨	¨		232	E8	è	è
169	A9	©	©		233	E9	é	é
170	AA	ª	ª		234	EA	ê	ê
171	AB	«	«		235	EB	ë	ë
172	AC	¬	¬		236	EC	ì	ì
173	AD	­	­		237	ED	í	í
174	AE	®	®		238	EE	î	î
175	AF	¯	¯		239	EF	ï	ï
176	B0	°	°		240	F0	ð	ð
177	B1	±	±		241	F1	ñ	ñ
178	B2	²	²		242	F2	ò	ò
179	B3	³	³		243	F3	ó	ó
180	B4	´	´		244	F4	ô	ô
181	B5	µ	µ		245	F5	õ	õ
182	B6	¶	¶		246	F6	ö	ö
183	B7	·	·		247	F7	÷	÷
184	B8	¸	¸		248	F8	ø	ø
185	B9	¹	¹		249	F9	ù	ù
186	BA	º	º		250	FA	ú	ú
187	BB	»	»		251	FB	û	û
188	BC	¼	¼		252	FC	ü	ü
189	BD	½	½		253	FD	ý	ý
190	BE	¾	¾		254	FE	þ	þ
191	BF	¿	¿		255	FF	ÿ	ÿ

Windows-1252

Windows-1252 (or CP-1252) is an 8-bit character encoding scheme for the Latin alphabet that was developed by Microsoft and is the default encoding scheme for versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system and other Microsoft software intended for use with English and some other Western languages. Although almost identical to ISO 8859-1, Windows-1252 has never been an ANSI or ISO standard.

Because of the former popularity of Windows-1252 (at one time probably one of the most widely used character encoding schemes in the world) the charset label "windows-1252" is still recognised by most if not all browsers, although probably less than one percent of web sites worldwide now declare the use of Windows-1252.

As for ISO 8859-1, the first 128 characters in Windows-252 (i.e. code points 0-127) are identical to those in the ASCII character set. Windows-1252 is a thus a superset of ASCII. In fact, it differs from ISO 8859-1 only in its use of printable characters rather than control characters for code points 128 through 159. A summary of these characters is shown in the table below.

Windows-1252 (characters 128-159)

Dec	Hex	Char	CTRL CHR/ HTML entity name		Dec	Hex	Char	HTML entity name
128	80	€	€		144	90	-	-
129	81	-	-		145	91	‘	‘
130	82	‚	‚		146	92	’	’
131	83	ƒ	ƒ		147	93	“	“
132	84	„	„		148	94	”	”
133	85	…	…		149	95	•	•
134	86	†	†		150	96	–	–
135	87	‡	‡		151	97	—	—
136	88	ˆ	ˆ		152	98	˜	˜
137	89	‰	‰		153	99	™	™
138	8A	Š	Š		154	9A	š	š
139	8B	‹	‹		155	9B	›	›
140	8C	Œ	Œ		156	9C	œ	œ
141	8D	-	-		157	9D	-	-
142	8E	Ž	Ž		158	9E	ž	ž
143	8F	-	-		159	9F	Ÿ	Ÿ

The code point representations shown in the above table are those used in the final version of Windows-1252, which made its first appearance in Windows 98, and was subsequently ported to older versions of Windows.

In terms of printable characters, Windows-1252 can be considered to be a superset of ISO 8859-1. In additional to all of the printable characters in ISO 8559-1, Windows-1252 includes curly quotation marks, and all of the printable characters in ISO 8859-15 that were not included in ISO 8859-1 (albeit in different positions).

Windows-1252 characters have in the past been included in web pages that claimed to use the charset ISO 8859-1 charset. This can occur, for example, when text containing "smart quotes" is created in Microsoft Word and then pasted into an HTML document. The quotation marks and apostrophes are subsequently read by the browser as control characters and are displayed incorrectly.

There are still a significant number of websites in existence that make use of Windows-1252 characters, but incorrectly identify the charset as ISO 8859-1. The default behaviour of most browsers, whenever they encounter a reference to ISO 1885-1, is to parse the text as if the charset has been declared as Windows-1252. This ensures that any non-ISO 8859-1 characters will be correctly displayed.

Unicode

In 1987, three software engineers – Joe Becker, Lee Collins and Mark Davis – initiated a project to develop a universal character encoding scheme which they called Unicode. The project led to the incorporation of the Unicode Consortium in California in 1991, whose stated aim was to develop, extend, and promote the use of the Unicode Standard.

The Unicode Standard claims to include encodings for (almost) every character, punctuation mark and symbol used by every language in the world. It is supported by current versions of virtually every operating system and web browser. The encoding scheme used is called the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) and has several variants. The most relevant variant from the point of view of developing web pages is UTF-8.

UTF-8 is a variable-width encoding scheme that can use from one to four 8-bit bytes to represent any character in the Unicode repertoire. Like each of the ISO 8559 standards that preceded it, it is a superset of ASCII. It is also a superset of the ISO 8559 standards. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) guidelines on Internationalisation techniques, under the heading Choosing and applying a character encoding, now advises web authors to choose UTF-8 for all content.

The first 256 characters of Unicode character sets (including UTF-8) are identical to the 256 characters of ISO 8859-1. This represents just a tiny fraction, however, of the total code space available. Unicode has a total of 1,114,112 code points! the Unicode code space is divided into seventeen planes (the basic multilingual plane plus sixteen supplementary planes), each of which contains 65,536 (2¹⁶) code points.

Unicode version 12.1 (released in May 2019) defines a total of 137, 994 encoded characters with unique identifying names, although it should be noted that more complex characters and symbols (emojis, for example) can be created using a combination of two or more characters from this code space. It is therefore not possible to calculate the actual number of character representations possible with Unicode.

What we can say is that UTF-8 can represent every character within the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS), which is defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646. This is the character repertoire now used by HTML. Each character in the ISO/IEC 10646 repertoire is identified by an unambiguous name and a unique numeric value (its code point). The ISO/IEC 10646 standard is maintained in tandem with the Unicode standard, and both standards share the same set of unique code points.

Each Unicode code point is (usually) written as a five-digit hexadecimal number including leading zeros, prefixed with an upper-case "U" followed by a plus sign. For example, the uppercase letter "E", which has the decimal code point 69 (45h), would be written as follows:

U+00045

Most web pages today specify the use of the UTF-8 encoding scheme, because it can represent all of the characters used by virtually every language in the world, as well as a huge range of symbols and characters used in areas such as mathematics and science. To some extent, this has eliminated the need to use HTML entity references (which we will talk about shortly) since any character in the UTF-8 repertoire will be rendered correctly by modern browsers.

Each plane of the Unicode code space is further subdivided into Unicode blocks. A block is a contiguous range of code points, and each block has a unique descriptive name. The number of code points in any Unicode block is always a multiple of 16. Blocks can vary in size, from a minimum size of 16 code points up to a maximum size of 65,536 code points.

At the time of writing, all of the named HTML entity names published by the W3C refer to code points belonging to Unicode blocks contained within the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) except for those that refer to characters in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block, which is part of the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP).

Declaring a character encoding

The default character encoding for HTML5, and the one recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium for all content, is UTF-8. Having said that, there is nothing to prevent you from using alternative character encodings should you (for whatever reason) feel the need to do so.

Whichever character encoding standard you decide to use, you should always declare it in the head of your HTML documents in order to ensure that a web browser will render your pages correctly. If you don't specify a character encoding, the browser will either assume the default encoding for HTML 5 or use the encoding (if any) specified in the HTTP header. Which brings us to a rather tricky point.

The character encoding declared in the web server's HTTP header when it delivers your content will override any character encoding you specify in your HTML document. If your chosen character encoding differs from the character encoding specified by the web server's HTTP header, a web browser may not display all of your text correctly.

We'll come back to that point shortly. Before we do, let's look at how we actually declare our chosen character encoding within the HTML document itself. The W3C has this to say:

"Always declare the encoding of your document using a meta element with a charset attribute, or using the http-equiv and content attributes (called a pragma directive). The declaration should fit completely within the first 1024 bytes at the start of the file, so it's best to put it immediately after the opening head tag."

Both of the following declarations do exactly the same thing:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    . . .
  </head>


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    . . .
  </head>

According to the W3C, it doesn't matter which one you use (although we prefer the first option because its shorter and easier to remember). One other point here is of paramount importance: you must ensure that the HTML file is saved with the same character encoding you have declared for the document. Most HTML editors will allow you to choose the encoding to be used when saving a file; the default encoding is usually UTF-8, but you might want to check, just to make sure.

Now let's tackle the issue of the HTTP header. As stated earlier, any character encoding declared in the HTTP header used by the web server to serve your documents will override the character encoding declaration used in your HTML document; this is obviously not an issue if they are both the same. If they are not, then what can you do about it? There are a couple of options available to you.

If you have administrative access to the server settings, you could change the character encoding declared by the HTTP header to match that of your HTML documents. Note that you should still declare the character encoding in the head of your HTML file, as it will be used by user agents when rendering your document in offline mode. You must also make sure that the character encoding declared in your document matches the character encoding used in the HTTP header.

If you do not have access to the web server settings (this is likely to be the case if you are using a web hosting service, for example) you may still be able to override the default "Content-Type" HTTP settings using a file called .htaccess, which you would need to create and upload to your website's root directory. Using the Header directive within the .htaccess file allows you to add, modify or delete HTTP response headers.

A detailed discussion of how you would go about implementing either of the above solutions is beyond the scope of this page. The good news is that if you stick to using UTF-8, there shouldn't be a problem, since most web servers don't specify a charset, and most of those that do specify UTF-8 by default.

One final point relates to something called the byte order mark or BOM. This is a two-byte code that is sometimes included in HTML files that use a Unicode character encoding. Before the advent of UTF-8 in 1993, all Unicode characters were transmitted as 16-bit code units with either the most significant byte first or the least significant byte first, depending on the order in which they were stored in memory. The BOM was added to the beginning of a transmission to indicate the byte order being used.

If there is a byte order mark at the beginning of an HTML file, most modern browsers will interpret this as meaning that the character encoding used by the document is UTF-8. Furthermore, this will (in the majority of cases) override any character encoding declared elsewhere, including the HTTP Content-type header.

You can check for the presence of a BOM at the start of a web page using the W3C Internationalization Checker. Enter the URL of the page you want to check, then click on the Check button. Details of the document's character encoding, including the presence or absence of a byte order mark, will be shown in the Character encoding section of the Internationalization Checker's output, as illustrated below.

Note that the Unicode standard allows, but does not require or recommend, the use of a byte order mark for UTF-8. It does not recommend removing a BOM if present, because some code may require it in order to function correctly. A number of Microsoft applications - Notepad for example - add a BOM when saving text as UTF-8 and will be unable to interpret UTF-8 text correctly unless the BOM is present (or the file consists purely of ASCII characters).

The byte order mark can cause problems for some legacy software that does not know how to handle it, although these problems are gradually disappearing with the adoption of up-to-date browsers and HTML editing programs. Perhaps of more concern, though not something we need to worry about just yet, is that the presence of a BOM in files used by some scripting languages can sometimes cause unwanted side effects.

HTML character references

HTML character references provide an alternative means of representing characters in your HTML code. Essentially, since UTF-8 can be used to represent every code point in the Unicode code space, the only characters you must use an HTML entity for are the HTML reserved characters - ampersand (&), less-than (<), and greater-than (>). There are other circumstances, however, where the use of HTML character references may be necessary (or simply more convenient).

In HTML documents, each character used can either represent itself directly or be represented by a sequence of characters called a character reference. There are two types of character reference - a numeric character reference and a character entity reference. A numeric character reference uses the character's Unicode code point expressed as a decimal or hexadecimal number, whereas a character entity reference uses a unique entity name.

The following character references all represent the Greek capital letter Omega (Ω):

&#937;      <!-- decimal numeric character reference -->
&#x03A9;    <!-- hexadecimal numeric character reference -->
&Omega;     <!—character entity reference -->

Note the format for each representation. All HTML character references begin with the ampersand character (&) and end with a semi-colon (;). Numeric character references must include either the decimal representation of the character's code point prefixed with a hash sign (#), or the hexadecimal representation of the character's code point prefixed with a hash sign plus the lowercase letter "x". Leading zeros are ignored.

Named entities must include the unique W3C-defined symbolic name that refers to the character. Note that entity names are case sensitive. Note also that, in a number of cases, there may be two or more names defined for the same Unicode character (the reasons for this are probably historical; it doesn't seem to matter which name is used).

At the time of writing, W3C defines names for 1450 Unicode characters (and yes, we did count them - twice in fact), although the current list is a work in progress. We present a list of the named entities, in Unicode code point order and organised by Unicode block (see above) at the bottom of this page. As far as we have been able to ascertain (by carrying out a number of random checks), numeric character references can be used for any currently defined Unicode character.

The arguments for and against the use of HTML character references are many and varied, and a detailed discussion of the relative merits thereof is beyond the scope of this page. The general consensus seems to be that you should use actual Unicode characters (as opposed to HTML character references) wherever possible. This has the advantage of reducing document size and making your HTML code easier to read.

The use of Unicode characters is obviously conditional on code editors, browsers, and other related software providing support for Unicode. It is also imperative to save your HTML document in the correct (i.e. UTF-8) format, and to declare the character encoding as UTF-8 within the document's <head> element.

Character entity reference chart

The tables below list the HTML character entity references currently defined by the W3C. The characters are listed in ascending numerical order according to their Unicode code point value, and further organised into their Unicode code blocks as follows:

Index

01. C0 Controls and Basic Latin	16. Miscellaneous Technical
02. C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement	17. Control Pictures
03. Latin Extended-A	18. Enclosed Alphanumerics
04. Latin Extended-B	19. Box Drawing
05. Spacing Modifier Letters	20. Block Elements
06. Combining Diacritical Marks	21. Geometric Shapes
07. Greek and Coptic	22. Miscellaneous Symbols
08. Cyrillic	23. Dingbats
09. General Punctuation	24. Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A
10. Currency Symbols	25. Supplemental Arrows-A
11. Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols	26. Supplemental Arrows-B
12. Letterlike Symbols	27. Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B
13. Number Forms	28. Supplemental Mathematical Operators
14. Arrows	29. Alphabetic Presentation Forms
15. Mathematical Operators	30. Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols

C0 Controls and Basic Latin
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
			U+00009	Character tabulation
	
	U+0000A	Line feed (LF)
!	!	U+00021	Exclamation mark
"	"	U+00022	Quotation mark
#	#	U+00023	Number sign
$	$	U+00024	Dollar sign
%	%	U+00025	Percent sign
&	&	U+00026	Ampersand
'	'	U+00027	Apostrophe
(	(	U+00028	Left parenthesis
)	)	U+00029	Right parenthesis
*	*	U+0002A	Asterisk
+	+	U+0002B	Plus sign
,	,	U+0002C	Comma
.	.	U+0002E	Full stop
/	/	U+0002F	Solidus
:	:	U+0003A	Colon
;	;	U+0003B	Semicolon
<	&lt;	U+0003C	Less-than sign
=	&equals;	U+0003D	Equals sign
>	&gt;	U+0003E	Greater-than sign
?	&quest;	U+0003F	Question mark
@	&commat;	U+00040	Commercial at
[	&lsqb;	U+0005B	Left square bracket
\	&bsol;	U+0005C	Reverse solidus
]	&rsqb;	U+0005D	Right square bracket
^	&Hat;	U+0005E	Circumflex accent
_	&lowbar;	U+0005F	Low line
`	&grave;	U+00060	Accent
{	&lbrace;	U+0007B	Left curly bracket
|	&verbar;	U+0007C	Vertical line
}	&rbrace;	U+0007D	Right curly bracket

C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
	 	U+000A0	No-break space
¡	¡	U+000A1	Inverted exclamation mark
¢	¢	U+000A2	Cent sign
£	£	U+000A3	Pound sign
¤	¤	U+000A4	Currency sign
¥	¥	U+000A5	Yen sign
¦	¦	U+000A6	Broken bar
§	§	U+000A7	Section sign
¨	¨	U+000A8	Diaeresis
©	©	U+000A9	Copyright sign
ª	ª	U+000AA	Feminine ordinal indicator
«	«	U+000AB	Left-pointing double angle quotation mark
¬	¬	U+000AC	Not sign
-	­	U+000AD	Soft hyphen
®	®	U+000AE	Registered sign
¯	¯	U+000AF	Macron
°	°	U+000B0	Degree sign
±	±	U+000B1	Plus-minus sign
²	²	U+000B2	Superscript two
³	³	U+000B3	Superscript three
´	´	U+000B4	Acute accent
µ	µ	U+000B5	Micro sign
¶	¶	U+000B6	Pilcrow sign
·	·	U+000B7	Middle dot
¸	¸	U+000B8	Cedilla
¹	¹	U+000B9	Superscript one
º	º	U+000BA	Masculine ordinal indicator
»	»	U+000BB	Right-pointing double angle quotation mark
¼	¼	U+000BC	Vulgar fraction one quarter
½	½	U+000BD	Vulgar fraction one half
¾	¾	U+000BE;	Vulgar fraction three quarters
¿	¿	U+000BF	Inverted question mark
À	À	U+000C0	Latin capital letter A with grave
Á	Á	U+000C1	Latin capital letter A with acute
Â	Â	U+000C2	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
Ã	Ã	U+000C3	Latin capital letter A with tilde
Ä	Ä	U+000C4	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
Å	Å	U+000C5	Latin capital letter A with ring above
Æ	Æ	U+000C6	Latin capital letter AE
Ç	Ç	U+000C7	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
È	È	U+000C8	Latin capital letter E with grave
É	É	U+000C9	Latin capital letter E with acute
Ê	Ê	U+000CA	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
Ë	Ë	U+000CB	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
Ì	Ì	U+000CC	Latin capital letter I with grave
Í	Í	U+000CD	Latin capital letter I with acute
Î	Î	U+000CE	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
Ï	Ï	U+000CF	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
Ð	Ð	U+000D0	Latin capital letter Eth
Ñ	Ñ	U+000D1	Latin capital letter N with tilde
Ò	Ò	U+000D2	Latin capital letter O with grave
Ó	Ó	U+000D3	Latin capital letter O with acute
Ô	Ô	U+000D4	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
Õ	Õ	U+000D5	Latin capital letter O with tilde
Ö	Ö	U+000D6	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
×	×	U+000D7	Multiplication sign
Ø	Ø	U+000D8	LAtin capital letter O with stroke
Ù	Ù	U+000D9	Latin capital letter U with grave
Ú	Ú	U+000DA	Latin capital letter U with acute
Û	Û	U+000DB	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
Ü	Ü	U+000DC	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
Ý	Ý	U+000DD	Latin capital letter Y with acute
Þ	Þ	U+000DE	Latin capital letter Thorn
ß	ß	U+000DF	Latin small letter sharp s
à	à	U+000E0	Latin small letter a with grave
á	á	U+000E1	Latin small letter a with acute
â	â	U+000E2	Latin small letter a with circumflex
ã	ã	U+000E3	Latin small letter a with tilde
ä	ä	U+000E4	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
å	å	U+000E5	Latin small letter a with ring above
æ	æ	U+000E6	Latin small letter ae
ç	ç	U+000E7	Latin small letter c with cedilla
è	è	U+000E8	Latin small letter e with grave
é	é	U+000E9	Latin small letter e with acute
ê	ê	U+000EA	Latin small letter e with circumflex
ë	ë	U+000EB	Latin small letter e with diaeresis
ì	ì	U+000EC	Latin small letter i with grave
í	í	U+000ED	Latin small letter i with acute
î	î	U+000EE	Latin small letter i with circumflex
ï	ï	U+000EF	Latin small letter i with diaeresis
ð	ð	U+000F0	Latin small letter eth
ñ	ñ	U+000F1	Latin small letter n with tilde
ò	ò	U+000F2	Latin small letter o with grave
ó	ó	U+000F3	Latin small letter o with acute
ô	ô	U+000F4	Latin small letter o with circumflex
õ	õ	U+000F5	Latin small letter o with tilde
ö	ö	U+000F6	Latin small letter o with diaeresis
÷	÷	U+000F7	Division sign
ø	ø	U+000F8	Latin small letter o with stroke
ù	ù	U+000F9	Latin small letter u with grave
ú	ú	U+000FA	Latin small letter u with acute
û	û	U+000FB	Latin small letter u with circumflex
ü	ü	U+000FC	Latin small letter u with diaeresis
ý	ý	U+000FD	Latin small letter y with acute
þ	þ	U+000FE	Latin small letter thorn
ÿ	ÿ	U+000FF	Latin small letter y with diaeresis

Latin Extended-A
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
Ā	Ā	U+00100	Latin capital letter A with macron
ā	ā	U+00101	Latin small letter a with macron
Ă	Ă	U+00102	Latin capital letter A with breve
ă	ă	U+00103	Latin small letter a with breve
Ą	Ą	U+00104	Latin capital letter A with ogonek
ą	ą	U+00105	Latin small letter a with ogonek
Ć	Ć	U+00106	Latin capital letter C with acute
ć	ć	U+00107	Latin small letter c with acute
Ĉ	Ĉ	U+00108	Latin capital letter C with circumflex
ĉ	ĉ	U+00109	Latin small letter c with circumflex
Ċ	Ċ	U+0010A	Latin capital letter C with dot above
ċ	ċ	U+0010B	Latin small letter c with dot above
Č	Č	U+0010C	Latin capital letter C with caron
č	č	U+0010D	Latin small letter c with caron
Ď	Ď	U+0010E	Latin capital letter D with caron
ď	ď	U+0010F	Latin small letter d with caron
Đ	Đ	U+00110	Latin capital letter D with stroke
đ	đ	U+00111	Latin small letter d with stroke
Ē	Ē	U+00112	Latin capital letter E with macron
ē	ē	U+00113	Latin small letter e with macron
Ė	Ė	U+00116	Latin capital letter E with dot above
ė	ė	U+00117	Latin small letter e with dot above
Ę	Ę	U+00118	Latin capital letter E with ogonek
ę	ę	U+00119	Latin small letter e with ogonek
Ě	Ě	U+0011A	Latin capital letter E with caron
ě	ě	U+0011B	Latin small letter e with caron
Ĝ	Ĝ	U+0011C	Latin capital letter G with circumflex
ĝ	ĝ	U+0011D	Latin small letter g with circumflex
Ğ	Ğ	U+0011E	Latin capital letter G with breve
ğ	ğ	U+0011F	Latin small letter g with breve
Ġ	Ġ	U+00120	Latin capital letter G with dot above
ġ	ġ	U+00121	Latin small letter g with dot above
Ģ	Ģ	U+00122	Latin capital letter G with cedilla
Ĥ	Ĥ	U+00124	Latin capital letter H with circumflex
ĥ	ĥ	U+00125	Latin small letter h with circumflex
Ħ	Ħ	U+00126	Latin capital letter H with stroke
ħ	ħ	U+00127	Latin small letter h with stroke
Ĩ	Ĩ	U+00128	Latin capital letter I with tilde
ĩ	ĩ	U+00129	Latin small letter i with tilde
Ī	Ī	U+0012A	Latin capital letter I with macron
ī	ī	U+0012B	Latin small letter i with macron
Į	Į	U+0012E	Latin capital letter I with ogonek
į	į	U+0012F	Latin small letter i with ogonek
İ	İ	U+00130	Latin capital letter I with dot above
ı	ı	U+00131	Latin small letter dotless i
IJ	IJ	U+00132	Latin capital ligature IJ
ij	ij	U+00133	Latin small ligature ij
Ĵ	Ĵ	U+00134	Latin capital letter J with circumflex
ĵ	ĵ	U+00135	Latin small letter j with circumflex
Ķ	Ķ	U+00136	Latin capital letter K with cedilla
ķ	ķ	U+00137	Latin small letter k with cedilla
ĸ	ĸ	U+00138	Latin small letter kra
Ĺ	Ĺ	U+00139	Latin capital letter L with acute
ĺ	ĺ	U+0013A	Latin small letter l with acute
Ļ	Ļ	U+0013B	Latin capital letter L with cedilla
ļ	ļ	U+0013C	Latin small letter l with cedilla
Ľ	Ľ	U+0013D	Latin capital letter L with caron
ľ	ľ	U+0013E	Latin small letter l with caron
Ŀ	Ŀ	U+0013F	Latin capital letter L with middle dot
ŀ	ŀ	U+00140	Latin small letter l with middle dot
Ł	Ł	U+00141	Latin capital letter L with stroke
ł	ł	U+00142	Latin small letter l with stroke
Ń	Ń	U+00143	Latin capital letter N with acute
ń	ń	U+00144	Latin small letter n with acute
Ņ	Ņ	U+00145	Latin capital letter N with cedilla
ņ	ņ	U+00146	Latin small letter n with cedilla
Ň	Ň	U+00147	Latin capital letter N with caron
ň	ň	U+00148	Latin small letter n with caron
ʼn	ʼn	U+00149	Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe
Ŋ	Ŋ	U+0014A	Latin capital letter ENG
ŋ	ŋ	U+0014B	Latin small letter eng
Ō	Ō	U+0014C	Latin capital letter O with macron
ō	ō	U+0014D	Latin small letter o with macron
Ő	Ő	U+00150	Latin capital letter O with double acute
ő	ő	U+00151	Latin small letter o with double acute
Œ	Œ	U+00152	Latin capital ligature OE
œ	œ	U+00153	Latin small ligature oe
Ŕ	Ŕ	U+00154	Latin capital letter R with acute
ŕ	ŕ	U+00155	Latin small letter r with acute
Ŗ	Ŗ	U+00156	Latin capital letter R with cedilla
ŗ	ŗ	U+00157	Latin small letter r with cedilla
Ř	Ř	U+00158	Latin capital letter R with caron
ř	ř	U+00159	Latin small letter r with caron
Ś	Ś	U+0015A	Latin capital letter S with acute
ś	ś	U+0015B	Latin small letter s with acute
Ŝ	Ŝ	U+0015C	Latin capital letter S with circumflex
ŝ	ŝ	U+0015D	Latin small letter s with circumflex
Ş	Ş	U+0015E	Latin capital letter S with cedilla
ş	ş	U+0015F	Latin small letter s with cedilla
Š	Š	U+00160	Latin capital letter S with caron
š	š	U+00161	Latin small letter s with caron
Ţ	Ţ	U+00162	Latin capital letter T with cedilla
ţ	ţ	U+00163	Latin small letter t with cedilla
Ť	Ť	U+00164	Latin capital letter T with caron
ť	ť	U+00165	Latin small letter t with caron
Ŧ	Ŧ	U+00166	Latin capital letter T with stroke
ŧ	ŧ	U+00167	Latin small letter t with stroke
Ũ	Ũ	U+00168	Latin capital letter U with tilde
ũ	ũ	U+00169	Latin small letter u with tilde
Ū	Ū	U+0016A	Latin capital letter U with macron
ū	ū	U+0016B	Latin small letter u with macron
Ŭ	Ŭ	U+0016C	Latin capital letter U with breve
ŭ	ŭ	U+0016D	Latin small letter u with breve
Ů	Ů	U+0016E	Latin capital letter U with ring above
ů	ů	U+0016F	Latin small letter u with ring above
Ű	Ű	U+00170	Latin capital letter U with double acute
ű	ű	U+00171	Latin small letter u with double acute
Ų	Ų	U+00172	Latin capital letter U with ogonek
ų	ų	U+00173	Latin small letter u with ogonek
Ŵ	Ŵ	U+00174	Latin capital letter W with circumflex
ŵ	ŵ	U+00175	Latin small letter w with circumflex
Ŷ	Ŷ	U+00176	Latin capital letter Y with circumflex
ŷ	ŷ	U+00177	Latin small letter y with circumflex
Ÿ	Ÿ	U+00178	Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
Ź	Ź	U+00179	Latin capital letter Z with acute
ź	ź	U+0017A	Latin small letter z with acute
Ż	Ż	U+0017B	Latin capital letter Z with dot above
ż	ż	U+0017C	Latin small letter z with dot above
Ž	Ž	U+0017D	Latin capital letter Z with caron
ž	ž	U+0017E	Latin small letter z with caron

Latin Extended-B
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
ƒ	ƒ	U+00192	Latin small letter f with hook
Ƶ	Ƶ	U+001B5	Latin capital letter Z with stroke
ǵ	ǵ	U+001F5	Latin small letter g with acute
ȷ	ȷ	U+00237	Latin small letter dotless j

Spacing Modifier Letters
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
ˆ	ˆ	U+002C6	Modifier letter circumflex accent
ˇ	ˇ	U+002C7	Caron
˘	˘	U+002D8	Breve
˙	˙	U+002D9	Dot above
˚	˚	U+002DA	Ring above
˛	˛	U+002DB	Ogonek
˜	˜	U+002DC	Small tilde
˝	˝	U+002DD	Double acute accent

Combining Diacritical Marks
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
̑	̑	U+00311	Combining inverted breve
̲	_	U+00332	Combining low line

Greek and Coptic
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
Α	Α	U+00391	Greek capital letter Alpha
Β	Β	U+00392	Greek capital letter Beta
Γ	Γ	U+00393	Greek capital letter Gamma
Δ	Δ	U+00394	Greek capital letter Delta
Ε	Ε	U+00395	Greek capital letter Epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	U+00396	Greek capital letter Zeta
Η	Η	U+00397	Greek capital letter Eta
Θ	Θ	U+00398	Greek capital letter Theta
Ι	Ι	U+00399	Greek capital letter Iota
Κ	Κ	U+0039A	Greek capital letter Kappa
Λ	Λ	U+0039B;	Greek capital letter Lamda
Μ	Μ	U+0039C;	Greek capital letter Mu
Ν	Ν	U+0039D;	Greek capital letter Nu
Ξ	Ξ	U+0039E;	Greek capital letter Xi
Ο	Ο	U+0039F;	Greek capital letter Omicron
Π	Π	U+003A0	Greek capital letter Pi
Ρ	Ρ	U+003A1	Greek capital letter Rho
Σ	Σ	U+003A3	Greek capital letter Sigma
Τ	Τ	U+003A4	Greek capital letter Tau
Υ	Υ	U+003A5	Greek capital letter Upsilon
Φ	Φ	U+003A6	Greek capital letter Phi
Χ	Χ	U+003A7	Greek capital letter Chi
Ψ	Ψ	U+003A8	Greek capital letter Psi
Ω	Ω	U+003A9	Greek capital letter Omega
α	α	U+003B1	Greek small letter alpha
β	β	U+003B2	Greek small letter beta
γ	γ	U+003B3	Greek small letter gamma
δ	δ	U+003B4	Greek small letter delta
ε	ε	U+003B5	Greek small letter epsilon
ζ	ζ	U+003B6	Greek small letter zeta
η	η	U+003B7	Greek small letter eta
θ	θ	U+003B8	Greek small letter theta
ι	ι	U+003B9	Greek small letter iota
κ	κ	U+003BA	Greek small letter kappa
λ	λ	U+003BB;	Greek small letter lamda
μ	μ	U+003BC;	Greek small letter mu
ν	ν	U+003BD;	Greek small letter nu
ξ	ξ	U+003BE;	Greek small letter xi
ο	ο	U+003BF;	Greek small letter omicron
π	π	U+003C0	Greek small letter pi
ρ	ρ	U+003C1	Greek small letter rho
ς	ς	U+003C2	Greek small letter final sigma
σ	σ	U+003C3	Greek small letter sigma
τ	τ	U+003C4	Greek small letter tau
υ	υ	U+003C5	Greek small letter upsilon
φ	φ	U+003C6	Greek small letter phi
χ	χ	U+003C7	Greek small letter chi
ψ	ψ	U+003C8	Greek small letter psi
ω	ω	U+003C9	Greek small letter omega
ϑ	ϑ	U+003D1	Greek Theta symbol
ϒ	ϒ	U+003D2	Greek Upsilon with hook symbol
ϕ	ϕ	U+003D5	Greek Phi symbol
ϖ	ϖ	U+003D6	Greek Pi symbol
Ϝ	Ϝ	U+003DC;	Greek letter Digamma
ϝ	ϝ	U+003DD;	Greek small letter digamma
ϰ	ϰ	U+003F0	Greek Kappa symbol
ϱ	ϱ	U+003F1	Greek Rho symbol
ϵ	ε	U+003F5	Greek lunate Epsilon symbol
϶	϶	U+003F6	Greek reversed lunate Epsilon symbol

Cyrillic
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
Ё	Ё	U+00401	Cyrillic capital letter Io
Ђ	Ђ	U+00402	Cyrillic capital letter Dje
Ѓ	Ѓ	U+00403	Cyrillic capital letter Gje
Є	Є	U+00404	Cyrillic capital letter Ukrainian Ie
Ѕ	Ѕ	U+00405	Cyrillic capital letter Dze
І	І	U+00406	Cyrillic capital letter Byelorussian-Ukrainian I
Ї	Ї	U+00407	Cyrillic capital letter Yi
Ј	Ј	U+00408	Cyrillic capital letter Je
Љ	Љ	U+00409	Cyrillic capital letter Lje
Њ	Њ	U+0040A	Cyrillic capital letter Nje
Ћ	Ћ	U+0040B	Cyrillic capital letter Tshe
Ќ	Ќ	U+0040C	Cyrillic capital letter Kje
Ў	Ў	U+0040E	Cyrillic capital letter Short U
Џ	Џ	U+0040F	Cyrillic capital letter Dzhe
А	А	U+00410	Cyrillic capital letter A
Б	Б	U+00411	Cyrillic capital letter Be
В	В	U+00412	Cyrillic capital letter Ve
Г	Г	U+00413	Cyrillic capital letter Ghe
Д	Д	U+00414	Cyrillic capital letter De
Е	Е	U+00415	Cyrillic capital letter Ie
Ж	Ж	U+00416	Cyrillic capital letter Zhe
З	З	U+00417	Cyrillic capital letter Ze
И	И	U+00418	Cyrillic capital letter I
Й	Й	U+00419	Cyrillic capital letter Short I
К	К	U+0041A	Cyrillic capital letter Ka
Л	Л	U+0041B	Cyrillic capital letter El
М	М	U+0041C	Cyrillic capital letter Em
Н	Н	U+0041D;	Cyrillic capital letter En
О	О	U+0041E	Cyrillic capital letter O
П	П	U+0041F	Cyrillic capital letter Pe
Р	Р	U+00420	Cyrillic capital letter Er
С	С	U+00421	Cyrillic capital letter Es
Т	Т	U+00422	Cyrillic capital letter Te
У	У	U+00423	Cyrillic capital letter U
Ф	Ф	U+00424	Cyrillic capital letter Ef
Х	Х	U+00425	Cyrillic capital letter Ha
Ц	Ц	U+00426	Cyrillic capital letter Tse
Ч	Ч	U+00427	Cyrillic capital letter Che
Ш	Ш	U+00428	Cyrillic capital letter Sha
Щ	Щ	U+00429	Cyrillic capital letter Shcha
Ъ	Ъ	U+0042A	Cyrillic capital letter Hard Sign
Ы	Ы	U+0042B	Cyrillic capital letter Yeru
Ь	Ь	U+0042C	Cyrillic capital letter Soft Sign
Э	Э	U+0042D	Cyrillic capital letter E
Ю	Ю	U+0042E	Cyrillic capital letter Yu
Я	Я	U+0042F	Cyrillic capital letter Ya
а	а	U+00430	Cyrillic small letter a
б	б	U+00431	Cyrillic small letter be
в	в	U+00432	Cyrillic small letter ve
г	г	U+00433	Cyrillic small letter ghe
д	д	U+00434	Cyrillic small letter de
е	е	U+00435	Cyrillic small letter ie
ж	ж	U+00436	Cyrillic small letter zhe
з	з	U+00437	Cyrillic small letter ze
и	и	U+00438	Cyrillic small letter i
й	й	U+00439	Cyrillic small letter short i
к	к	U+0043A	Cyrillic small letter ka
л	л	U+0043B	Cyrillic small letter el
м	м	U+0043C	Cyrillic small letter em
н	н	U+0043D	Cyrillic small letter EN
о	о	U+0043E	Cyrillic small letter o
п	п	U+0043F	Cyrillic small letter pe
р	р	U+00440	Cyrillic small letter er
с	с	U+00441	Cyrillic small letter es
т	т	U+00442	Cyrillic small letter te
у	у	U+00443	Cyrillic small letter u
ф	ф	U+00444	Cyrillic small letter ef
х	х	U+00445	Cyrillic small letter ha
ц	ц	U+00446	Cyrillic small letter tse
ч	ч	U+00447	Cyrillic small letter che
ш	ш	U+00448	Cyrillic small letter sha
щ	щ	U+00449	Cyrillic small letter shcha
ъ	ъ	U+0044A	Cyrillic small letter hard sign
ы	ы	U+0044B	Cyrillic small letter yeru
ь	ь	U+0044C	Cyrillic small letter soft sign
э	э	U+0044D	Cyrillic small letter e
ю	ю	U+0044E	Cyrillic small letter yu
я	я	U+0044F	Cyrillic small letter ya
ё	ё	U+00451	Cyrillic small letter io
ђ	ђ	U+00452	Cyrillic small letter dje
ѓ	ѓ	U+00453	Cyrillic small letter gje
є	є	U+00454	Cyrillic small letter Ukrainian ie
ѕ	ѕ	U+00455	Cyrillic small letter dze
і	і	U+00456	Cyrillic small letter Byelorussian-Ukrainian i
ї	ї	U+00457	Cyrillic small letter yi
ј	ј	U+00458	Cyrillic small letter je
љ	љ	U+00459	Cyrillic small letter lje
њ	њ	U+0045A	Cyrillic small letter nje
ћ	ћ	U+0045B	Cyrillic small letter tshe
ќ	ќ	U+0045C	Cyrillic small letter kje
ў	ў	U+0045E	Cyrillic small letter short u
џ	џ	U+0045F	Cyrillic small letter dzhe

General Punctuation
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
	 	U+02002	En space
	 	U+02003	Em space
	&emsp13	U+02004	Three-per-em space
	&emsp14	U+02005	Four-per-em space
	 	U+02007	Figure space
	 	U+02008	Punctuation space
	 	U+02009	Thin space
	 	U+0200A	Hair space
​	​	U+0200B	Zero width space
‌	‌	U+0200C	Zero width non-joiner
‍	‍	U+0200D	Zero width joiner
‎	‎	U+0200E	Left-to-right mark
‏	‏	U+0200F	Right-to-left mark
‐	‐	U+02010	Hyphen
–	–	U+02013	En dash
—	—	U+02014	Em dash
―	―	U+02015	Horizontal bar
‖	‖	U+02016	Double vertical line
‘	‘	U+02018	Left single quotation mark
’	’	U+02019	Right single quotation mark
‚	‚	U+0201A	Single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	U+0201C	Left double quotation mark
”	”	U+0201D	Right double quotation mark
„	„	U+0201E	Double low-9 quotation mark
†	†	U+02020	Dagger
‡	‡	U+02021	Double dagger
•	•	U+02022	Bullet
‥	‥	U+02025	Two dot leader
…	…	U+02026	Horizontal ellipsis
‰	‰	U+02030	Per mille sign
‱	‱	U+02031	Per ten thousand sign
′	′	U+02032	Prime
″	″	U+02033	Double prime
‴	‴	U+02034	Triple prime
‵	‵	U+02035	Reversed prime
‹	‹	U+02039	Single left-pointing angle quotation mark
›	›	U+0203A	Single right-pointing angle quotation mark
‾	‾	U+0203E	Overline
⁁	⁁	U+02041	Caret insertion point
⁃	⁃	U+02043	Hyphen bullet
⁄	⁄	U+02044	Fraction slash
⁏	⁏	U+0204F	Reversed semicolon
⁗	⁗	U+02057	Quadruple prime
	 	U+0205F	Medium Mathematical space
⁠	⁠	U+02060	Word joiner
⁡	⁡	U+02061	Function application
⁢	⁢	U+02062	Invisible times
⁣	⁣	U+02063	Invisible separator

Currency Symbols
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
€	€	U+020AC	Euro sign

Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⃛	⃛	U+020DB	Combining three dots above
⃜	⃜	U+020DC	Combining four dots above

Letterlike Symbols
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
ℂ	ℂ	U+02102	Double-struck capital C
℅	℅	U+02105	Care of
ℊ	ℊ	U+0210A	Script small g
ℋ	ℋ	U+0210B	Script capital H
ℌ	ℌ	U+0210C	Black-letter capital H
ℍ	ℍ	U+0210D	Double-struck capital H
ℎ	ℎ	U+0210E	Planck constant
ℏ	ℏ	U+0210F	Planck constant over two Pi
ℐ	ℐ	U+02110	Script capital I
ℑ	ℑ	U+02111	Black-letter capital I
ℒ	ℒ	U+02112	Script capital L
ℓ	ℓ	U+02113	Script small l
ℕ	ℕ	U+02115	Double-struck capital N
№	№	U+02116	Numero sign
℗	℗	U+02117	Sound recording copyright
℘	℘	U+02118	Script capital P
ℙ	ℙ	U+02119	Double-struck capital P
ℚ	ℚ	U+0211A	Double-struck capital Q
ℛ	ℛ	U+0211B	Script capital R
ℜ	ℜ	U+0211C	Black-letter capital R
ℝ	ℝ	U+0211D	Double-struck capital R
℞	℞	U+0211E	Prescription take
™	™	U+02122	Trade mark sign
ℤ	ℤ	U+02124	Double-struck capital Z
Ω	Ω	U+02126	Ohm sign
℧	℧	U+02127	Inverted ohm sign
ℨ	ℨ	U+02128	Black-letter capital Z
℩	℩	U+02129	Turned greek small letter iota
Å	Å	U+0212B	Angstrom sign
ℬ	ℬ	U+0212C	Script capital B
ℭ	ℭ	U+0212D	Black-letter capital C
ℯ	ℯ	U+0212F	Script small e
ℰ	ℰ	U+02130	Script capital E
ℱ	ℱ	U+02131	Script capital F
ℳ	ℳ	U+02133	Script capital M
ℴ	ℴ	U+02134	Script small o
ℵ	ℵ	U+02135	Alef symbol
ℶ	ℶ	U+02136	Bet symbol
ℷ	ℷ	U+02137	Gimel symbol
ℸ	ℸ	U+02138	Dalet symbol
ⅅ	ⅅ	U+02145	Double-struck italic capital D
ⅆ	ⅆ	U+02146	Double-struck italic small d
ⅇ	ⅇ	U+02147	Double-struck italic small e
ⅈ	ⅈ	U+02148	Double-struck italic small i

Number Forms
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⅓	⅓	U+02153	Vulgar fraction one third
⅔	⅔	U+02154	Vulgar fraction two thirds
⅕	⅕	U+02155	Vulgar fraction one fifth
⅖	⅖	U+02156	Vulgar fraction two fifths
⅗	⅗	U+02157	Vulgar fraction three fifths
⅘	⅘	U+02158	Vulgar fraction four fifths
⅙	⅙	U+02159	Vulgar fraction one sixth
⅚	⅚	U+0215A	Vulgar fraction five sixths
⅛	⅛	U+0215B	Vulgar fraction one eighth
⅜	&frac38v	U+0215C	Vulgar fraction three eighths
⅝	⅝	U+0215D	Vulgar fraction five eighths
⅞	⅞	U+0215E	Vulgar fraction seven eighths

Arrows
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
←	←	U+02190	Leftwards arrow
↑	↑	U+02191	Upwards arrow
→	→	U+02192	Rightwards arrow
↓	↓	U+02193	Downwards arrow
↔	↔	U+02194	Left right arrow
↕	↕	U+02195	Up down arrow
↖	↖	U+02196	North west arrow
↗	↗	U+02197	North east arrow
↘	↘	U+02198	South east arrow
↙	↙	U+02199	South west arrow
↚	↚	U+0219A	Leftwards arrow with stroke
↛	↛	U+0219B	Rightwards arrow with stroke
↝	↝	U+0219D	Rightwards wave arrow
↞	↞	U+0219E	Leftwards two headed arrow
↟	↟	U+0219F	Upwards two headed arrow
↠	↠	U+021A0	Rightwards two headed arrow
↡	↡	U+021A1	Downwards two headed arrow
↢	↢	U+021A2	Leftwards arrow with tail
↣	↣	U+021A3	Rightwards arrow with tail
↤	↤	U+021A4	Leftwards arrow from bar
↥	↥	U+021A5	Upwards arrow from bar
↦	↦	U+021A6	Rightwards arrow from bar
↧	↧	U+021A7	Downwards arrow from bar
↩	↩	U+021A9	Leftwards arrow with hook
↪	↪	U+021AA	Rightwards arrow with hook
↫	↫	U+021AB	Leftwards arrow with loop
↬	↬	U+021AC	Rightwards arrow with loop
↭	↭	U+021AD	Left right wave arrow
↮	↮	U+021AE	Left right arrow with stroke
↰	↰	U+021B0	Upwards arrow with tip leftwards
↱	↱	U+021B1	Upwards arrow with tip rightwards
↲	↲	U+021B2	Downwards arrow with tip leftwards
↳	↳	U+021B3	Downwards arrow with tip rightwards
↵	↵	U+021B5	Downwards arrow with corner leftwards
↶	↶	U+021B6	Anticlockwise top semicircle arrow
↷	↷	U+021B7	Clockwise top semicircle arrow
↺	↺	U+021BA	Anticlockwise open circle arrow
↻	↻	U+021BB	Clockwise open circle arrow
↼	↼	U+021BC	Leftwards harpoon with barb upwards
↽	↽	U+021BD	Leftwards harpoon with barb downwards
↾	↾	U+021BE	Upwards harpoon with barb rightwards
↿	↿	U+021BF	Upwards harpoon with barb leftwards
⇀	⇀	U+021C0	Rightwards harpoon with barb upwards
⇁	⇁	U+021C1	Rightwards harpoon with barb downwards
⇂	⇂	U+021C2	Downwards harpoon with barb rightwards
⇃	⇃	U+021C3	Downwards harpoon with barb leftwards
⇄	⇄	U+021C4	Rightwards arrow over leftwards arrow
⇅	⇅	U+021C5	Upwards arrow leftwards of downwards arrow
⇆	⇆	U+021C6	Leftwards arrow over rightwards arrow
⇇	⇇	U+021C7	Leftwards paired arrows
⇈	⇈	U+021C8	Upwards paired arrows
⇉	⇉	U+021C9	Rightwards paired arrows
⇊	⇊	U+021CA	Downwards paired arrows
⇋	⇋	U+021CB	Leftwards harpoon over rightwards harpoon
⇌	⇌	U+021CC	Rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon
⇍	⇍	U+021CD	Leftwards double arrow with stroke
⇎	⇎	U+021CE	Left right double arrow with stroke
⇏	⇏	U+021CF	Rightwards double arrow with stroke
⇐	⇐	U+021D0	Leftwards double arrow
⇑	⇑	U+021D1	Upwards double arrow
⇒	⇒	U+021D2	Rightwards double arrow
⇓	⇓	U+021D3	Downwards double arrow
⇔	⇔	U+021D4	Left right double arrow
⇕	⇕	U+021D5	Up down double arrow
⇖	⇖	U+021D6	North west double arrow
⇗	⇗	U+021D7	North east double arrow
⇘	⇘	U+021D8	South east double arrow
⇙	⇙	U+021D9	South west double arrow
⇚	⇚	U+021DA	Leftwards triple arrow
⇛	⇛	U+021DB	Rightwards triple arrow
⇝	⇝	U+021DD	Rightwards squiggle arrow
⇤	⇤	U+021E4	Leftwards arrow to bar
⇥	⇥	U+021E5	Rightwards arrow to bar
⇵	⇵	U+021F5	Downwards arrow leftwards of upwards arrow
⇽	⇽	U+021FD	Leftwards open-headed arrow
⇾	⇾	U+021FE	Rightwards open-headed arrow
⇿	⇿	U+021FF	Left right open-headed arrow

Mathematical Operators
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
∀	∀	U+02200	For all
∁	∁	U+02201	Complement
∂	∂	U+02202	Partial differential
∃	∃	U+02203	There exists
∄	∄	U+02204	There does not exist
∅	∅	U+02205	Empty set
∇	∇	U+02207	Nabla
∈	∈	U+02208	Element of
∉	∉	U+02209	Not an element of
∋	∋	U+0220B	Contains as member
∌	∌	U+0220C	Does not contain as member
∏	∏	U+0220F	N-ary product
∐	∐	U+02210	N-ary coproduct
∑	∑	U+02211	N-ary summation
−	−	U+02212	Minus sign
∓	∓	U+02213	Minus-or-plus sign
∔	∔	U+02214	Dot plus
∖	∖	U+02216	Set minus
∗	∗	U+02217	Asterisk operator
∘	∘	U+02218	Ring operator
√	√	U+0221A	Square root
∝	∝	U+0221D	Proportional to
∞	∞	U+0221E	Infinity
∟	∟	U+0221F	Right angle
∠	∠	U+02220	Angle
∡	∡	U+02221	Measured angle
∢	∢	U+02222	Spherical angle
∣	∣	U+02223	Divides
∤	∤	U+02224	Does not divide
∥	∥	U+02225	Parallel to
∦	∦	U+02226	Not parallel to
∧	∧	U+02227	Logical AND
∨	∨	U+02228	Logical OR
∩	∩	U+02229	Intersection
∪	∪	U+0222A	Union
∫	∫	U+0222B	Integral
∬	∬	U+0222C	Double integral
∭	∭	U+0222D	Triple integral
∮	∮	U+0222E	Contour integral
∯	∯	U+0222F	Surface integral
∰	∰	U+02230	Volume integral
∱	∱	U+02231	Clockwise integral
∲	∲	U+02232	Clockwise contour integral
∳	∳	U+02233	Anticlockwise contour integral
∴	∴	U+02234	Therefore
∵	∵	U+02235	Because
∶	∶	U+02236	Ratio
∷	∷	U+02237	Proportion
∸	∸	U+02238	Dot minus
∺	∺	U+0223A	Geometric proportion
∻	∻	U+0223B	Homothetic
∼	∼	U+0223C	Tilde operator
∽	∽	U+0223D	Reversed tilde
∾	∾	U+0223E	Inverted lazy S
∿	∿	U+0223F	Sine wave
≀	≀	U+02240	Wreath product
≁	≁	U+02241	Not tilde
≂	≂	U+02242	Minus tilde
≃	≃	U+02243	Asymptotically equal to
≄	≄	U+02244	Not asymptotically equal to
≅	≅	U+02245	Approximately equal to
≆	≆	U+02246	Approximately but not actually equal to
≇	≇	U+02247	Neither approximately nor actually equal to
≈	≈	U+02248	Almost equal to
≉	≉	U+02249	Not almost equal to
≊	≊	U+0224A	Almost equal or equal to
≋	≋	U+0224B	Triple tilde
≌	≌	U+0224C	All equal to
≍	≍	U+0224D	Equivalent to
≎	≎	U+0224E	Geometrically equivalent to
≏	≏	U+0224F	Difference between
≐	≐	U+02250	Approaches the limit
≑	≑	U+02251	Geometrically equal to
≒	≒	U+02252	Approximately equal to or the image of
≓	≓	U+02253	Image of or approximately equal to
≔	≔	U+02254	Colon equals
≕	≕	U+02255	Equals colon
≖	≖	U+02256	Ring in equal to
≗	≗	U+02257	Ring equal to
≙	≙	U+02259	Estimates
≚	≚	U+0225A	Equiangular to
≜	≜	U+0225C	Delta equal to
≟	≟	U+0225F	Questioned equal to
≠	≠	U+02260	Not equal to
≡	≡	U+02261	Identical to
≢	≢	U+02262	Not identical to
≤	≤	U+02264	Less-than or equal to
≥	≥	U+02265	Greater-than or equal to
≦	≦	U+02266	Less-than over equal to
≧	≧	U+02267	Greater-than over equal to
≨	≨	U+02268	Less-than but not equal to
≩	≩	U+02269	Greater-than but not equal to
≪	≪	U+0226A	Much less-than
≫	≫	U+0226B	Much greater-than
≬	≬	U+0226C	Between
≭	≭	U+0226D	Not equivalent to
≮	≮	U+0226E	Not less-than
≯	≯	U+0226F	Not greater-than
≰	≰	U+02270	Neither less-than nor equal to
≱	≱	U+02271	Neither greater-than nor equal to
≲	≲	U+02272	Less-than or equivalent to
≳	≳	U+02273	Greater-than or equivalent to
≴	≴	U+02274	Neither less-than nor equivalent to
≵	≵	U+02275	Neither greater-than nor equivalent to
≶	≶	U+02276	Less-than or greater-than
≷	≷	U+02277	Greater-than or less-than
≸	≸	U+02278	Neither less-than nor greater-than
≹	≹	U+02279	Neither greater-than nor less-than
≺	≺	U+0227A	Precedes
≻	≻	U+0227B	Succeeds
≼	≼	U+0227C	Precedes or equal to
≽	≽	U+0227D	Succeeds or equal to
≾	≾	U+0227E	Precedes or equivalent to
≿	≿	U+0227F	Succeeds or equivalent to
⊀	⊀	U+02280	Does not precede
⊁	⊁	U+02281	Does not succeed
⊂	⊂	U+02282	Subset of
⊃	⊃	U+02283	Superset of
⊄	⊄	U+02284	Not a subset of
⊅	⊅	U+02285	Not a superset of
⊆	⊆	U+02286	Subset of or equal to
⊇	⊇	U+02287	Superset of or equal to
⊈	⊈	U+02288	Neither a subset of nor equal to
⊉	⊉	U+02289	Neither a superset of nor equal to
⊊	⊊	U+0228A	Subset of with not equal to
⊋	⊋	U+0228B	Superset of with not equal to
⊍	⊍	U+0228D	Multiset multiplication
⊎	⊎	U+0228E	Multiset union
⊏	⊏	U+0228F	Square image of
⊐	⊐	U+02290	Square original of
⊑	⊑	U+02291	Square image of or equal to
⊒	⊒	U+02292	Square original of or equal to
⊓	⊓	U+02293	Square cap
⊔	⊔	U+02294	Square cup
⊕	⊕	U+02295	Circled plus
⊖	⊖	U+02296	Circled minus
⊗	⊗	U+02297	Circled times
⊘	⊘	U+02298	Circled division slash
⊙	⊙	U+02299	Circled dot operator
⊚	⊚	U+0229A	Circled ring operator
⊛	⊛	U+0229B	Circled asterisk operator
⊝	⊝	U+0229D	Circled dash
⊞	⊞	U+0229E	Squared plus
⊟	⊟	U+0229F	Squared minus
⊠	⊠	U+022A0	Squared times
⊡	⊡	U+022A1	Squared dot operator
⊢	⊢	U+022A2	Right tack
⊣	⊣	U+022A3	Left tack
⊤	⊤	U+022A4	Down tack
⊥	⊥	U+022A5	Up tack
⊧	⊧	U+022A7	Models
⊨	⊨	U+022A8	True
⊩	⊩	U+022A9	Forces
⊪	⊪	U+022AA	Triple vertical bar right turnstile
⊫	⊫	U+022AB	Double vertical bar double right turnstile
⊬	⊬	U+022AC	Does not prove
⊭	⊭	U+022AD	Not true
⊮	⊮	U+022AE	Does not force
⊯	⊯	U+022AF	Negated double vertical bar double right turnstile
⊰	⊰	U+022B0	Precedes under relation
⊲	⊲	U+022B2	Normal subgroup of
⊳	⊳	U+022B3	Contains as normal subgroup
⊴	⊴	U+022B4	Normal subgroup of or equal to
⊵	⊵	U+022B5	Contains as normal subgroup or equal to
⊶	⊶	U+022B6	Original of
⊷	⊷	U+022B7	Image of
⊸	⊸	U+022B8	Multimap
⊹	⊹	U+022B9	Hermitian conjugate matrix
⊺	⊺	U+022BA	Intercalate
⊻	⊻	U+022BB	XOR
⊽	⊽	U+022BD	NOR
⊾	⊾	U+022BE	Right angle with arc
⊿	⊿	U+022BF	Right triangle
⋀	⋀	U+022C0	N-ary logical AND
⋁	⋁	U+022C1	N-ary logicaL OR
⋂	⋂	U+022C2	N-ary intersection
⋃	⋃	U+022C3	N-ary union
⋄	⋄	U+022C4	Diamond operator
⋅	⋅	U+022C5	Dot operator
⋆	⋆	U+022C6	Star operator
⋇	⋇	U+022C7	Division times
⋈	⋈	U+022C8	Bowtie
⋉	⋉	U+022C9	Left normal factor semidirect product
⋊	⋊	U+022CA	Right normal factor semidirect product
⋋	⋋	U+022CB	Left semidirect product
⋌	⋌	U+022CC	Right semidirect product
⋍	⋍	U+022CD	Reversed tilde equals
⋎	⋎	U+022CE	Curly logical OR
⋏	⋏	U+022CF	Curly logical AND
⋐	⋐	U+022D0	Double subset
⋑	⋑	U+022D1	Double superset
⋒	⋒	U+022D2	Double intersection
⋓	⋓	U+022D3	Double union
⋔	⋔	U+022D4	Pitchfork
⋕	⋕	U+022D5	Equal and parallel to
⋖	⋖	U+022D6	Less-than with dot
⋗	⋗	U+022D7	Greater-than with dot
⋘	⋘	U+022D8	Very much less-than
⋙	⋙	U+022D9	Very much greater-than
⋚	⋚	U+022DA	Less-than equal to or greater-than
⋛	⋛	U+022DB	Greater-than equal to or less-than
⋞	⋞	U+022DE	Equal to or precedes
⋟	⋟	U+022DF	Equal to or succeeds
⋠	⋠	U+022E0	Does not precede or equal
⋡	⋡	U+022E1	Does not succeed or equal
⋢	⋢	U+022E2	Not square image of or equal to
⋣	⋣	U+022E3	Not square original of or equal to
⋦	⋦	U+022E6	Less-than but not equivalent to
⋧	⋧	U+022E7	Greater-than but not equivalent to
⋨	⋨	U+022E8	Precedes but not equivalent to
⋩	⋩	U+022E9	Succeeds but not equivalent to
⋪	⋪	U+022EA	Not normal subgroup of
⋫	⋫	U+022EB	Does not contain as normal subgroup
⋬	⋬	U+022EC	Not normal subgroup of or equal to
⋭	⋭	U+022ED	Does not contain as normal subgroup or equal
⋮	⋮	U+022EE	Vertical ellipsis
⋯	⋯	U+022EF	Midline horizontal ellipsis
⋰	⋰	U+022F0	Up right diagonal ellipsis
⋱	⋱	U+022F1	Down right diagonal ellipsis
⋲	⋲	U+022F2	Element of with long horizontal stroke
⋳	⋳	U+022F3	Element of with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke
⋴	⋴	U+022F4	Small element of with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke
⋵	⋵	U+022F5	Element of with dot above
⋶	⋶	U+022F6	Element of with overbar
⋷	⋷	U+022F7	Small element of with overbar
⋹	⋹	U+022F9	Element of with two horizontal strokes
⋺	⋺	U+022FA	Contains with long horizontal stroke
⋻	⋻	U+022FB	Contains with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke
⋼	⋼	U+022FC	Small contains with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke
⋽	⋽	U+022FD	Contains with overbar
⋾	⋾	U+022FE	Small contains with overbar

Miscellaneous Technical
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⌅	⌅	U+02305	Projective
⌆	⌆	U+02306	Perspective
⌈	⌈	U+02308	Left ceiling
⌉	⌉	U+02309	Right ceiling
⌊	⌊	U+0230A	Left floor
⌋	⌋	U+0230B	Right floor
⌌	⌌	U+0230C	Bottom right crop
⌍	⌍	U+0230D	Bottom left crop
⌎	⌎	U+0230E	Top right crop
⌏	⌏	U+0230F	Top left crop
⌐	⌐	U+02310	Reversed not sign
⌒	⌒	U+02312	Arc
⌓	⌓	U+02313	Segment
⌕	⌕	U+02315	Telephone recorder
⌖	⌖	U+02316	Position indicator
⌜	⌜	U+0231C	Top left corner
⌝	⌝	U+0231D	Top right corner
⌞	⌞	U+0231E	Bottom left corner
⌟	⌟	U+0231F	Bottom right corner
⌢	⌢	U+02322	Frown
⌣	⌣	U+02323	Smile
⌭	⌭	U+0232D	Cylindricity
⌮	⌮	U+0232E	All around-profile
⌶	⌶	U+02336	APL functional symbol I-beam
⌽	⌽	U+0233D	APL functional symbol circle stile
⌿	⌿	U+0233F	APL functional symbol slash bar
⍼	⍼	U+0237C	Right angle with downwards zigzag arrow
⎰	⎰	U+023B0	Upper left or lower right curly bracket section
⎱	⎱	U+023B1	Upper right or lower left curly bracket section
⎴	⎴	U+023B4	Top square bracket
⎵	⎵	U+023B5	Bottom square bracket
⎶	⎶	U+023B6	Bottom square bracket over top square bracket
⏜	⏜	U+023DC	Top parenthesis
⏝	⏝	U+023DD	Bottom parenthesis
⏞	⏞	U+023DE	Top curly bracket
⏟	⏟	U+023DF	Bottom curly bracket
⏢	⏢	U+023E2	White trapezium
⏧	⏧	U+023E7	Electrical intersection

Control Pictures
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
␣	␣	U+02423	Open box

Enclosed Alphanumerics
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
Ⓢ	Ⓢ	U+024C8	Circled latin capital letter S

Box Drawing
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
─	─	U+02500	Box drawings light horizontal
│	│	U+02502	Box drawings light vertical
┌	┌	U+0250C	Box drawings light down and right
┐	┐	U+02510	Box drawings light down and left
└	└	U+02514	Box drawings light up and right
┘	┘	U+02518	Box drawings light up and left
├	├	U+0251C	Box drawings light vertical and right
┤	┤	U+02524	Box drawings light vertical and left
┬	┬	U+0252C	Box drawings light down and horizontal
┴	┴	U+02534	Box drawings light up and horizontal
┼	┼	U+0253C	Box drawings light vertical and horizontal
═	═	U+02550	Box drawings double horizontal
║	║	U+02551	Box drawings double vertical
╒	╒	U+02552	Box drawings down single and right double
╓	╓	U+02553	Box drawings down double and right single
╔	╔	U+02554	Box drawings double down and right
╕	╕	U+02555	Box drawings down single and left double
╖	╖	U+02556	Box drawings down double and left single
╗	╗	U+02557	Box drawings double down and left
╘	╘	U+02558	Box drawings up single and right double
╙	╙	U+02559	Box drawings up double and right single
╚	╚	U+0255A	Box drawings double up and right
╛	╛	U+0255B	Box drawings up single and left double
╜	╜	U+0255C	Box drawings up double and left single
╝	╝	U+0255D	Box drawings double up and left
╞	╞	U+0255E	Box drawings vertical single and right double
╟	╟	U+0255F	Box drawings vertical double and right single
╠	╠	U+02560	Box drawings double vertical and right
╡	╡	U+02561	Box drawings vertical single and left double
╢	╢	U+02562	Box drawings vertical double and left single
╣	╣	U+02563	Box drawings double vertical and left
╤	╤	U+02564	Box drawings down single and horizontal double
╥	╥	U+02565	Box drawings down double and horizontal single
╦	╦	U+02566	Box drawings double down and horizontal
╧	╧	U+02567	Box drawings up single and horizontal double
╨	╨	U+02568	Box drawings up double and horizontal single
╩	╩	U+02569	Box drawings double up and horizontal
╪	╪	U+0256A	Box drawings vertical single and horizontal double
╫	╫	U+0256B	Box drawings vertical double and horizontal single
╬	╬	U+0256C	Box drawings double vertical and horizontal

Block Elements
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
▀	▀	U+02580	Upper half block
▄	▄	U+02584	Lower half block
█	█	U+02588	Full block
░	&blk14	U+02591	Light shade
▒	&blk12	U+02592	Medium shade
▓	&blk34	U+02593	Dark shade

Geometric Shapes
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
□	□	U+025A1	White square
▪	▪	U+025AA	Black small square
▫	▫	U+025AB	White small square
▭	▭	U+025AD	White rectangle
▮	▮	U+025AE	Black vertical rectangle
▱	▱	U+025B1	White parallelogram
△	△	U+025B3	White up-pointing triangle
▴	▴	U+025B4	Black up-pointing small triangle
▵	▵	U+025B5	White up-pointing small triangle
▸	▸	U+025B8	Black right-pointing small triangle
▹	▹	U+025B9	White right-pointing small triangle
▽	▽	U+025BD	White down-pointing triangle
▾	▾	U+025BE	Black down-pointing small triangle
▿	▿	U+025BF	White down-pointing small triangle
◂	◂	U+025C2	Black left-pointing small triangle
◃	◃	U+025C3	White left-pointing small triangle
◊	◊	U+025CA	Lozenge
○	○	U+025CB	White circle
◬	◬	U+025EC	White up-pointing triangle with dot
◯	◯	U+025EF	Large circle
◸	◸	U+025F8	Upper left triangle
◹	◹	U+025F9	Upper right triangle
◺	◺	U+025FA	Lower left triangle
◻	◻	U+025FB	White medium square
◼	◼	U+025FC	Black medium square

Miscellaneous Symbols
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
★	★	U+02605	Black star
☆	☆	U+02606	White star
☎	☎	U+0260E	Black telephone
♀	♀	U+02640	Female sign
♂	♂	U+02642	Male sign
♠	♠	U+02660	Black spade suit
♣	♣	U+02663	Black club suit
♥	♥	U+02665	Black heart suit
♦	♦	U+02666	Black diamond suit
♪	♪	U+0266A	Eighth note
♭	♭	U+0266D	Music flat sign
♮	♮	U+0266E	Music natural sign
♯	♯	U+0266F	Music sharp sign

Dingbats
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
✓	✓	U+02713	Check mark
✗	✗	U+02717	Ballot X
✠	✠	U+02720	Maltese cross
✶	✶	U+02736	Six pointed black star
❘	❘	U+02758	Light vertical bar
❲	❲	U+02772	Light left tortoise shell bracket ornament
❳	❳	U+02773	Light right tortoise shell bracket ornament

Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⟈	⟈	U+027C8	Mathematical reverse solidus preceding subset
⟉	⟉	U+027C9	Mathematical superset preceding solidus
⟦	⟦	U+027E6	Mathematical left white square bracket
⟧	⟧	U+027E7	Mathematical right white square bracket
⟨	⟨	U+027E8	Mathematical left angle bracket
⟩	⟩	U+027E9	Mathematical right angle bracket
⟪	⟪	U+027EA	Mathematical left double angle bracket
⟫	⟫	U+027EB;	Mathematical right double angle bracket
⟬	⟬	U+027EC;	Mathematical left white tortoise shell bracket
⟭	⟭	U+027ED;	Mathematical right white tortoise shell bracket

Supplemental Arrows-A
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⟵	⟵	U+027F5	Long leftwards arrow
⟶	⟶	U+027F6	Long rightwards arrow
⟷	⟷	U+027F7	Long left right arrow
⟸	⟸	U+027F8	Long leftwards double arrow
⟹	⟹	U+027F9	Long rightwards double arrow
⟺	⟺	U+027FA	Long left right double arrow
⟼	⟼	U+027FC	Long rightwards arrow from bar
⟿	⟿	U+027FF	Long rightwards squiggle arrow

Supplemental Arrows-B
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⤂	⤂	U+02902	Leftwards double arrow with vertical stroke
⤃	⤃	U+02903	Rightwards double arrow with vertical stroke
⤄	⤄	U+02904	Left right double arrow with vertical stroke
⤅	⤅	U+02905	Rightwards two-headed arrow from bar
⤌	⤌	U+0290C	Leftwards double dash arrow
⤍	⤍	U+0290D	Rightwards double dash arrow
⤎	⤎	U+0290E	Leftwards triple dash arrow
⤏	⤏	U+0290F	Rightwards triple dash arrow
⤐	⤐	U+02910	Rightwards two-headed triple dash arrow
⤑	⤑	U+02911	Rightwards arrow with dotted stem
⤒	⤒	U+02912	Upwards arrow to bar
⤓	⤓	U+02913	Downwards arrow to bar
⤖	⤖	U+02916	Rightwards two-headed arrow with tail
⤙	⤙	U+02919	Leftwards arrow-tail
⤚	⤚	U+0291A	Rightwards arrow-tail
⤛	⤛	U+0291B	Leftwards double arrow-tail
⤜	⤜	U+0291C	Rightwards double arrow-tail
⤝	⤝	U+0291D	Leftwards arrow to black diamond
⤞	⤞	U+0291E	Rightwards arrow to black diamond
⤟	⤟	U+0291F	Leftwards arrow from bar to black diamond
⤠	⤠	U+02920	Rightwards arrow from bar to black diamond
⤣	⤣	U+02923	North west arrow with hook
⤤	⤤	U+02924	North east arrow with hook
⤥	⤥	U+02925	South east arrow with hook
⤦	⤦	U+02926	South west arrow with hook
⤧	⤧	U+02927	North west arrow and north east arrow
⤨	⤨	U+02928	North east arrow and south east arrow
⤩	⤩	U+02929	South east arrow and south west arrow
⤪	⤪	U+0292A	South west arrow and north west arrow
⤳	⤳	U+02933	Wave arrow pointing directly right
⤵	⤵	U+02935	Arrow pointing rightwards then curving downwards
⤶	⤶	U+02936	Arrow pointing downwards then curving leftwards
⤷	⤷	U+02937	Arrow pointing downwards then curving rightwards
⤸	⤸	U+02938	Right-side arc clockwise arrow
⤹	⤹	U+02939	Left-side arc anticlockwise arrow
⤼	⤼	U+0293C	Top arc clockwise arrow with minus
⤽	⤽	U+0293D	Top arc anticlockwise arrow with plus
⥅	⥅	U+02945	Rightwards arrow with plus below
⥈	⥈	U+02948	Left right arrow through small circle
⥉	⥉	U+02949	Upwards two-headed arrow from small circle
⥊	⥊	U+0294A	Left barb up right barb down harpoon
⥋	⥋	U+0294B	Left barb down right barb up harpoon
⥎	⥎	U+0294E	Left barb up right barb up harpoon
⥏	⥏	U+0294F	Up barb right down barb right harpoon
⥐	⥐	U+02950	Left barb down right barb down harpoon
⥑	⥑	U+02951	Up barb left down barb left harpoon
⥒	⥒	U+02952	Leftwards harpoon with barb up to bar
⥓	⥓	U+02953	Rightwards harpoon with barb up to bar
⥔	⥔	U+02954	Upwards harpoon with barb right to bar
⥕	⥕	U+02955	Downwards harpoon with barb right to bar
⥖	⥖	U+02956	Leftwards harpoon with barb down to bar
⥗	⥗	U+02957	Rightwards harpoon with barb down to bar
⥘	⥘	U+02958	Upwards harpoon with barb left to bar
⥙	⥙	U+02959	Downwards harpoon with barb left to bar
⥚	⥚	U+0295A	Leftwards harpoon with barb up from bar
⥛	⥛	U+0295B	Rightwards harpoon with barb up from bar
⥜	⥜	U+0295C	Upwards harpoon with barb right from bar
⥝	⥝	U+0295D	Downwards harpoon with barb right from bar
⥞	⥞	U+0295E	Leftwards harpoon with barb down from bar
⥟	⥟	U+0295F	Rightwards harpoon with barb down from bar
⥠	⥠	U+02960	Upwards harpoon with barb left from bar
⥡	⥡	U+02961	Downwards harpoon with barb left from bar
⥢	⥢	U+02962	Leftwards harpoon with barb up above leftwards harpoon with barb down
⥣	⥣	U+02963	Upwards harpoon with barb left beside upwards harpoon with barb right
⥤	⥤	U+02964	Rightwards harpoon with barb up above rightwards harpoon with barb down
⥥	⥥	U+02965	Downwards harpoon with barb left beside downwards harpoon with barb right
⥦	⥦	U+02966	Leftwards harpoon with barb up above rightwards harpoon with barb up
⥧	⥧	U+02967	Leftwards harpoon with barb down above rightwards harpoon with barb down
⥨	⥨	U+02968	Rightwards harpoon with barb up above leftwards harpoon with barb up
⥩	⥩	U+02969	Rightwards harpoon with barb down above leftwards harpoon with barb down
⥪	⥪	U+0296A	Leftwards harpoon with barb up above long dash
⥫	⥫	U+0296B	Leftwards harpoon with barb down below long dash
⥬	⥬	U+0296C	Rightwards harpoon with barb up above long dash
⥭	⥭	U+0296D	Rightwards harpoon with barb down below long dash
⥮	⥮	U+0296E	Upwards harpoon with barb left beside downwards harpoon with barb right
⥯	⥯	U+0296F	Downwards harpoon with barb left beside upwards harpoon with barb right
⥰	⥰	U+02970	Right double arrow with rounded head
⥱	⥱	U+02971	Equals sign above rightwards arrow
⥲	⥲	U+02972	Tilde operator above rightwards arrow
⥳	⥳	U+02973	Leftwards arrow above tilde operator
⥴	⥴	U+02974	Rightwards arrow above tilde operator
⥵	⥵	U+02975	Rightwards arrow above almost equal to
⥶	⥶	U+02976	Less-than above leftwards arrow
⥸	⥸	U+02978	Greater-than above rightwards arrow
⥹	⥹	U+02979	Subset above rightwards arrow
⥻	⥻	U+0297B	Superset above leftwards arrow
⥼	⥼	U+0297C	Left fish tail
⥽	⥽	U+0297D	Right fish tail
⥾	⥾	U+0297E	Up fish tail
⥿	⥿	U+0297F	Down fish tail

Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⦅	⦅	U+02985	Left white parenthesis
⦆	⦆	U+02986	Right white parenthesis
⦋	⦋	U+0298B	Left square bracket with underbar
⦌	⦌	U+0298C	Right square bracket with underbar
⦍	⦍	U+0298D	Left square bracket with tick in top corner
⦎	⦎	U+0298E	Right square bracket with tick in bottom corner
⦏	⦏	U+0298F	Left square bracket with tick in bottom corner
⦐	⦐	U+02990	Right square bracket with tick in top corner
⦑	⦑	U+02991	Left angle bracket with dot
⦒	⦒	U+02992	Right angle bracket with dot
⦓	⦓	U+02993	Left arc less-than bracket
⦔	⦔	U+02994	Right arc greater-than bracket
⦕	⦕	U+02995	Double left arc greater-than bracket
⦖	⦖	U+02996	Double right arc less-than bracket
⦚	⦚	U+0299A	Vertical zigzag line
⦜	⦜	U+0299C	Right angle variant with square
⦝	⦝	U+0299D	Measured right angle with dot
⦤	⦤	U+029A4	Angle with underbar
⦥	⦥	U+029A5	Reversed angle with underbar
⦦	⦦	U+029A6	Oblique angle opening up
⦧	⦧	U+029A7	Oblique angle opening down
⦨	⦨	U+029A8	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing up and right
⦩	⦩	U+029A9	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing up and left
⦪	⦪	U+029AA	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing down and right
⦫	⦫	U+029AB	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing down and left
⦬	⦬	U+029AC	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing right and up
⦭	⦭	U+029AD	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing left and up
⦮	⦮	U+029AE	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing right and down
⦯	⦯	U+029AF	Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing left and down
⦰	⦰	U+029B0	Reversed empty set
⦱	⦱	U+029B1	Empty set with overbar
⦲	⦲	U+029B2	Empty set with small circle above
⦳	⦳	U+029B3	Empty set with right arrow above
⦴	⦴	U+029B4	Empty set with left arrow above
⦵	⦵	U+029B5	Circle with horizontal bar
⦶	⦶	U+029B6	Circled vertical bar
⦷	⦷	U+029B7	Circled parallel
⦹	⦹	U+029B9	Circled perpendicular
⦻	⦻	U+029BB	Circle with superimposed X
⦼	⦼	U+029BC	Circled anticlockwise-rotated division sign
⦾	⦾	U+029BE	Circled white bullet
⦿	⦿	U+029BF	Circled bullet
⧀	⧀	U+029C0	Circled less-than
⧁	⧁	U+029C1	Circled greater-than
⧂	⧂	U+029C2	Circle with small circle to the right
⧃	⧃	U+029C3	Circle with two horizontal strokes to the right
⧄	⧄	U+029C4	Squared rising diagonal slash
⧅	⧅	U+029C5	Squared falling diagonal slash
⧉	⧉	U+029C9	Two joined squares
⧍	⧍	U+029CD	Triangle with serifs at bottom
⧎	⧎	U+029CE	Right triangle above left triangle
⧏	⧏	U+029CF	Left triangle beside vertical bar
⧐	⧐	U+029D0	Vertical bar beside right triangle
⧚	∽̱	U+029DA	Left double wiggly fence
⧜	⧜	U+029DC	Incomplete infinity
⧝	⧝	U+029DD	Tie over infinity
⧞	⧞	U+029DE	Infinity negated with vertical bar
⧣	⧣	U+029E3	Equals sign and slanted parallel
⧤	⧤	U+029E4	Equals sign and slanted parallel with tilde above
⧥	⧥	U+029E5	Identical to and slanted parallel
⧫	⧫	U+029EB	Black lozenge
⧴	⧴	U+029F4	Rule-delayed
⧶	⧶	U+029F6	Solidus with overbar

Supplemental Mathematical Operators
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
⨀	⨀	U+02A00	N-ary circled dot operator
⨁	⨁	U+02A01	N-ary circled plus operator
⨂	⨂	U+02A02	N-ary circled times operator
⨄	⨄	U+02A04	N-ary union operator with plus
⨆	⨆	U+02A06	N-ary square union operator
⨌	⨌	U+02A0C	Quadruple integral operator
⨍	⨍	U+02A0D	Finite part integral
⨐	⨐	U+02A10	Circulation function
⨑	⨑	U+02A11	Anticlockwise integration
⨒	⨒	U+02A12	Line integration with rectangular path around pole
⨓	⨓	U+02A13	Line integration with semicircular path around pole
⨔	⨔	U+02A14	Line integration not including the pole
⨕	⨕	U+02A15	Integral around a point operator
⨖	⨖	U+02A16	Quaternion integral operator
⨗	⨗	U+02A17	Integral with leftwards arrow with hook
⨢	⨢	U+02A22	Plus sign with small circle above
⨣	⨣	U+02A23	Plus sign with circumflex accent above
⨤	⨤	U+02A24	Plus sign with tilde above
⨥	⨥	U+02A25	Plus sign with dot below
⨦	⨦	U+02A26	Plus sign with tilde below
⨧	⨧	U+02A27	Plus sign with subscript two
⨩	⨩	U+02A29	Minus sign with comma above
⨪	⨪	U+02A2A	Minus sign with dot below
⨭	⨭	U+02A2D	Plus sign in left half circle
⨮	⨮	U+02A2E	Plus sign in right half circle
⨯	⨯	U+02A2F	Vector or cross product
⨰	⨰	U+02A30	Multiplication sign with dot above
⨱	⨱	U+02A31	Multiplication sign with underbar
⨳	⨳	U+02A33	Smash product
⨴	⨴	U+02A34	Multiplication sign in left half circle
⨵	⨵	U+02A35	Multiplication sign in right half circle
⨶	⨶	U+02A36	Circled multiplication sign with circumflex accent
⨷	⨷	U+02A37	Multiplication sign in double circle
⨸	⨸	U+02A38	Circled division sign
⨹	⨹	U+02A39	Plus sign in triangle
⨺	⨺	U+02A3A	Minus sign in triangle
⨻	⨻	U+02A3B	Multiplication sign in triangle
⨼	⨼	U+02A3C	Interior product
⨿	⨿	U+02A3F;	Amalgamation or coproduct
⩀	⩀	U+02A40	Intersection with dot
⩂	⩂	U+02A42	Union with overbar
⩃	⩃	U+02A43	Intersection with overbar
⩄	⩄	U+02A44	Intersection with logical AND
⩅	⩅	U+02A45	Union with logical OR
⩆	⩆	U+02A46	Union above intersection
⩇	⩇	U+02A47	Intersection above union
⩈	⩈	U+02A48	Union above bar above intersection
⩉	⩉	U+02A49	Intersection above bar above union
⩊	⩊	U+02A4A	Union beside and joined with union
⩋	⩋	U+02A4B	Intersection beside and joined with intersection
⩌	⩌	U+02A4C	Closed union with serifs
⩍	⩍	U+02A4D	Closed intersection with serifs
⩐	⩐	U+02A50	Closed union with serifs and smash product
⩓	⩓	U+02A53	Double logical AND
⩔	⩔	U+02A54	Double logical OR
⩕	⩕	U+02A55	Two intersecting logical AND
⩖	⩖	U+02A56	Two intersecting logical OR
⩗	⩗	U+02A57	Sloping large OR
⩘	⩘	U+02A58	Sloping large AND
⩚	⩚	U+02A5A	Logical AND with middle stem
⩛	⩛	U+02A5B	Logical OR with middle stem
⩜	⩜	U+02A5C	Logical AND with horizontal dash
⩝	⩝	U+02A5D	Logical OR with horizontal dash
⩟	⩟	U+02A5F	Logical AND with underbar
⩦	⩦	U+02A66	Equals sign with dot below
⩪	⩪	U+02A6A	Tilde operator with dot above
⩭	⩭	U+02A6D	Congruent with dot above
⩮	⩮	U+02A6E	Equals with asterisk
⩯	⩯	U+02A6F	Almost equal to with circumflex accent
⩰	⩰	U+02A70	Approximately equal or equal to
⩱	⩱	U+02A71	Equals sign above plus sign
⩲	⩲	U+02A72	Plus sign above equals sign
⩳	⩳	U+02A73	Equals sign above tilde operator
⩴	⩴	U+02A74	Double colon equal
⩵	⩵	U+02A75	Two consecutive equals signs
⩷	⩷	U+02A77	Equals sign with two dots above and two dots below
⩸	⩸	U+02A78	Equivalent with four dots above
⩹	⩹	U+02A79	Less-than with circle inside
⩺	⩺	U+02A7A	Greater-than with circle inside
⩻	⩻	U+02A7B	Less-than with question mark above
⩼	⩼	U+02A7C	Greater-than with question mark above
⩽	⩽	U+02A7D	Less-than or slanted equal to
⩾	⩾	U+02A7E	Greater-than or slanted equal to
⩿	⩿	U+02A7F	Less-than or slanted equal to with dot inside
⪀	⪀	U+02A80	Greater-than or slanted equal to with dot inside
⪁	⪁	U+02A81	Less-than or slanted equal to with dot above
⪂	⪂	U+02A82	Greater-than or slanted equal to with dot above
⪃	⪃	U+02A83	Less-than or slanted equal to with dot above right
⪄	⪄	U+02A84	Greater-than or slanted equal to with dot above left
⪅	⪅	U+02A85	Less-than or approximate
⪆	⪆	U+02A86	Greater-than or approximate
⪇	⪇	U+02A87	Less-than and single-line not equal to
⪈	⪈	U+02A88	Greater-than and single-line not equal to
⪉	⪉	U+02A89	Less-than and not approximate
⪊	⪊	U+02A8A	Greater-than and not approximate
⪋	⪋	U+02A8B	Less-than above double-line equal above greater-than
⪌	⪌	U+02A8C	Greater-than above double-line equal above less-than
⪍	⪍	U+02A8D	Less-than above similar or equal
⪎	⪎	U+02A8E	Greater-than above similar or equal
⪏	⪏	U+02A8F	Less-than above similar above greater-than
⪐	⪐	U+02A90	Greater-than above similar above less-than
⪑	⪑	U+02A91	Less-than above greater-than above double-line equal
⪒	⪒	U+02A92	Greater-than above less-than above double-line equal
⪓	⪓	U+02A93	Less-than above slanted equal above greater-than above slanted equal
⪔	⪔	U+02A94	Greater-than above slanted equal above less-than above slanted equal
⪕	⪕	U+02A95	Slanted equal to or less-than
⪖	⪖	U+02A96	Slanted equal to or greater-than
⪗	⪗	U+02A97	Slanted equal to or less-than with dot inside
⪘	⪘	U+02A98	Slanted equal to or greater-than with dot inside
⪙	⪙	U+02A99	Double-line equal to or less-than
⪚	⪚	U+02A9A	Double-line equal to or greater-than
⪝	⪝	U+02A9D	Similar or less-than
⪞	⪞	U+02A9E	Similar or greater-than
⪟	⪟	U+02A9F	Similar above less-than above equals sign
⪠	⪠	U+02AA0	Similar above greater-than above equals sign
⪡	⪡	U+02AA1	Double nested less-than
⪢	⪢	U+02AA2	Double nested greater-than
⪤	⪤	U+02AA4	Greater-than overlapping less-than
⪥	⪥	U+02AA5	Greater-than beside less-than
⪦	⪦	U+02AA6	Less-than closed by curve
⪧	⪧	U+02AA7	Greater-than closed by curve
⪨	⪨	U+02AA8	Less-than closed by curve above slanted equal
⪩	⪩	U+02AA9	Greater-than closed by curve above slanted equal
⪪	⪪	U+02AAA	Smaller than
⪫	⪫	U+02AAB	Larger than
⪬	⪬	U+02AAC	Smaller than or equal to
⪭	⪭	U+02AAD	Larger than or equal to
⪮	⪮	U+02AAE	Equals sign with bumpy above
⪯	⪯	U+02AAF	Precedes above single-line equals sign
⪰	⪰	U+02AB0	Succeeds above single-line equals sign
⪳	⪳	U+02AB3	Precedes above equals sign
⪴	⪴	U+02AB4	Succeeds above equals sign
⪵	⪵	U+02AB5	Precedes above not equal to
⪶	⪶	U+02AB6	Succeeds above not equal to
⪷	⪷	U+02AB7	Precedes above almost equal to
⪸	⪸	U+02AB8	succeeds above almost equal to
⪹	⪹	U+02AB9	Precedes above not almost equal to
⪺	⪺	U+02ABA	Succeeds above not almost equal to
⪻	⪻	U+02ABB	Double precedes
⪼	⪼	U+02ABC	Double succeeds
⪽	⪽	U+02ABD	Subset with dot
⪾	⪾	U+02ABE	Superset with dot
⪿	⪿	U+02ABF	Subset with plus sign below
⫀	⫀	U+02AC0	Superset with plus sign below
⫁	⫁	U+02AC1	Subset with multiplication sign below
⫂	⫂	U+02AC2	Superset with multiplication sign below
⫃	⫃	U+02AC3	Subset of or equal to with dot above
⫄	⫄	U+02AC4	Superset of or equal to with dot above
⫅	⫅	U+02AC5	Subset of above equals sign
⫆	⫆	U+02AC6	Superset of above equals sign
⫇	⫇	U+02AC7	Subset of above tilde operator
⫈	⫈	U+02AC8	Superset of above tilde operator
⫋	⫋	U+02ACB	Subset of above not equal to
⫌	⫌	U+02ACC	Superset of above not equal to
⫏	⫏	U+02ACF	Closed subset
⫐	⫐	U+02AD0	Closed superset
⫑	⫑	U+02AD1	Closed subset or equal to
⫒	⫒	U+02AD2	Closed superset or equal to
⫓	⫓	U+02AD3	Subset above superset
⫔	⫔	U+02AD4	Superset above subset
⫕	⫕	U+02AD5	Subset above subset
⫖	⫖	U+02AD6	Superset above superset
⫗	⫗	U+02AD7	Superset beside subset
⫘	⫘	U+02AD8	Superset beside and joined by dash with subset
⫙	⫙	U+02AD9	Element of opening downwards
⫚	⫚	U+02ADA	Pitchfork with tee top
⫛	⫛	U+02ADB	Transversal intersection
⫤	⫤	U+02AE4	Vertical bar double left turnstile
⫦	⫦	U+02AE6	Long dash from left member of double vertical
⫧	⫧	U+02AE7	Short down tack with overbar
⫨	⫨	U+02AE8	Short up tack with underbar
⫩	⫩	U+02AE9	Short up tack above short down tack
⫫	⫫	U+02AEB	Double up tack
⫬	⫬	U+02AEC	Double stroke not sign
⫭	⫭	U+02AED	Reversed double stroke not sign
⫮	⫮	U+02AEE	Does not divide with reversed negation slash
⫯	⫯	U+02AEF	Vertical line with circle above
⫰	⫰	U+02AF0	Vertical line with circle below
⫱	⫱	U+02AF1	Down tack with circle below
⫲	⫲	U+02AF2	Parallel with horizontal stroke
⫳	⫳	U+02AF3	Parallel with tilde operator
⫽	⫽	U+02AFD	Double solidus operator

Alphabetic Presentation Forms
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
ff	ff	U+0FB00	Latin small ligature ff
fi	fi	U+0FB01	Latin small ligature fi
fl	fl	U+0FB02	Latin small ligature fl
ffi	ffi	U+0FB03	Latin small ligature ffi
ffl	ffl	U+0FB04	Latin small ligature ffl

Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
[Index]

Symbol	HTML entity	Unicode	Description
𝒜	𝒜	U+1D49C	Mathematical script capital A
𝒞	𝒞	U+1D49E	Mathematical script capital C
𝒟	𝒟	U+1D49F	Mathematical script capital D
𝒢	𝒢	U+1D4A2	Mathematical script capital G
𝒥	𝒥	U+1D4A5	Mathematical script capital J
𝒦	𝒦	U+1D4A6	Mathematical script capital K
𝒩	𝒩	U+1D4A9	Mathematical script capital N
𝒪	𝒪	U+1D4AA	Mathematical script capital O
𝒫	𝒫	U+1D4AB	Mathematical script capital P
𝒬	𝒬	U+1D4AC	Mathematical script capital Q
𝒮	𝒮	U+1D4AE	Mathematical script capital S
𝒯	𝒯	U+1D4AF	Mathematical script capital T
𝒰	𝒰	U+1D4B0	Mathematical script capital U
𝒱	𝒱	U+1D4B1	Mathematical script capital V
𝒲	𝒲	U+1D4B2	Mathematical script capital W
𝒳	𝒳	U+1D4B3	Mathematical script capital X
𝒴	𝒴	U+1D4B4	Mathematical script capital Y
𝒵	𝒵	U+1D4B5	Mathematical script capital Z
𝒶	𝒶	U+1D4B6	Mathematical script small a
𝒷	𝒷	U+1D4B7	Mathematical script small b
𝒸	𝒸	U+1D4B8	Mathematical script small c
𝒹	𝒹	U+1D4B9	Mathematical script small d
𝒻	𝒻	U+1D4BB	Mathematical script small f
𝒽	𝒽	U+1D4BD	Mathematical script small h
𝒾	𝒾	U+1D4BE	Mathematical script small i
𝒿	𝒿	U+1D4BF	Mathematical script small j
𝓀	𝓀	U+1D4C0	Mathematical script small k
𝓁	𝓁	U+1D4C1	Mathematical script small l
𝓂	𝓂	U+1D4C2	Mathematical script small m
𝓃	𝓃	U+1D4C3	Mathematical script small n
𝓅	𝓅	U+1D4C5	Mathematical script small p
𝓆	𝓆	U+1D4C6	Mathematical script small q
𝓇	𝓇	U+1D4C7	Mathematical script small r
𝓈	𝓈	U+1D4C8	Mathematical script small s
𝓉	𝓉	U+1D4C9	Mathematical script small t
𝓊	𝓊	U+1D4CA	Mathematical script small u
𝓋	𝓋	U+1D4CB	Mathematical script small v
𝓌	𝓌	U+1D4CC	Mathematical script small w
𝓍	𝓍	U+1D4CD	Mathematical script small x
𝓎	𝓎	U+1D4CE	Mathematical script small y
𝓏	𝓏	U+1D4CF	Mathematical script small z
𝔄	𝔄	U+1D504	Mathematical fraktur capital A
𝔅	𝔅	U+1D505	Mathematical fraktur capital B
𝔇	𝔇	U+1D507	Mathematical fraktur capital D
𝔈	𝔈	U+1D508	Mathematical fraktur capital E
𝔉	𝔉	U+1D509	Mathematical fraktur capital F
𝔊	𝔊	U+1D50A	Mathematical fraktur capital G
𝔍	𝔍	U+1D50D	Mathematical fraktur capital J
𝔎	𝔎	U+1D50E	Mathematical fraktur capital K
𝔏	𝔏	U+1D50F	Mathematical fraktur capital L
𝔐	𝔐	U+1D510	Mathematical fraktur capital M
𝔑	𝔑	U+1D511	Mathematical fraktur capital N
𝔒	𝔒	U+1D512	Mathematical fraktur capital O
𝔓	𝔓	U+1D513	Mathematical fraktur capital P
𝔔	𝔔	U+1D514	Mathematical fraktur capital Q
𝔖	𝔖	U+1D516	Mathematical fraktur capital S
𝔗	𝔗	U+1D517	Mathematical fraktur capital T
𝔘	𝔘	U+1D518	Mathematical fraktur capital U
𝔙	𝔙	U+1D519	Mathematical fraktur capital V
𝔚	𝔚	U+1D51A	Mathematical fraktur capital W
𝔛	𝔛	U+1D51B	Mathematical fraktur capital X
𝔜	𝔜	U+1D51C	Mathematical fraktur capital Y
𝔞	𝔞	U+1D51E	Mathematical fraktur small a
𝔟	𝔟	U+1D51F	Mathematical fraktur small b
𝔠	𝔠	U+1D520	Mathematical fraktur small c
𝔡	𝔡	U+1D521	Mathematical fraktur small d
𝔢	𝔢	U+1D522	Mathematical fraktur small e
𝔣	𝔣	U+1D523	Mathematical fraktur small f
𝔤	𝔤	U+1D524	Mathematical fraktur small g
𝔥	𝔥	U+1D525	Mathematical fraktur small h
𝔦	𝔦	U+1D526	Mathematical fraktur small i
𝔧	𝔧	U+1D527	Mathematical fraktur small j
𝔨	𝔨	U+1D528	Mathematical fraktur small k
𝔩	𝔩	U+1D529	Mathematical fraktur small l
𝔪	𝔪	U+1D52A	Mathematical fraktur small m
𝔫	𝔫	U+1D52B	Mathematical fraktur small n
𝔬	𝔬	U+1D52C	Mathematical fraktur small o
𝔭	𝔭	U+1D52D	Mathematical fraktur small p
𝔮	𝔮	U+1D52E	Mathematical fraktur small q
𝔯	𝔯	U+1D52F	Mathematical fraktur small r
𝔰	𝔰	U+1D530	Mathematical fraktur small s
𝔱	𝔱	U+1D531	Mathematical fraktur small t
𝔲	𝔲	U+1D532	Mathematical fraktur small u
𝔳	𝔳	U+1D533	Mathematical fraktur small v
𝔴	𝔴	U+1D534	Mathematical fraktur small w
𝔵	𝔵	U+1D535	Mathematical fraktur small x
𝔶	𝔶	U+1D536	Mathematical fraktur small y
𝔷	𝔷	U+1D537	Mathematical fraktur small z
𝔸	𝔸	U+1D538	Mathematical double-struck capital A
𝔹	𝔹	U+1D539	Mathematical double-struck capital B
𝔻	𝔻	U+1D53B	Mathematical double-struck capital D
𝔼	𝔼	U+1D53C	Mathematical double-struck capital E
𝔽	𝔽	U+1D53D	Mathematical double-struck capital F
𝔾	𝔾	U+1D53E	Mathematical double-struck capital G
𝕀	𝕀	U+1D540	Mathematical double-struck capital I
𝕁	𝕁	U+1D541	Mathematical double-struck capital J
𝕂	𝕂	U+1D542	Mathematical double-struck capital K
𝕃	𝕃	U+1D543	Mathematical double-struck capital L
𝕄	𝕄	U+1D544	Mathematical double-struck capital M
𝕆	𝕆	U+1D546	Mathematical double-struck capital O
𝕊	𝕊	U+1D54A	Mathematical double-struck capital S
𝕋	𝕋	U+1D54B	Mathematical double-struck capital T
𝕌	𝕌	U+1D54C	Mathematical double-struck capital U
𝕍	𝕍	U+1D54D	Mathematical double-struck capital V
𝕎	𝕎	U+1D54E	Mathematical double-struck capital W
𝕏	𝕏	U+1D54F	Mathematical double-struck capital X
𝕐	𝕐	U+1D550	Mathematical double-struck capital Y
𝕒	𝕒	U+1D552	Mathematical double-struck small a
𝕓	𝕓	U+1D553	Mathematical double-struck small b
𝕔	𝕔	U+1D554	Mathematical double-struck small c
𝕕	𝕕	U+1D555	Mathematical double-struck small d
𝕖	𝕖	U+1D556	Mathematical double-struck small e
𝕗	𝕗	U+1D557	Mathematical double-struck small f
𝕘	𝕘	U+1D558	Mathematical double-struck small g
𝕙	𝕙	U+1D559	Mathematical double-struck small h
𝕚	𝕚	U+1D55A	Mathematical double-struck small i
𝕛	𝕛	U+1D55B	Mathematical double-struck small j
𝕜	𝕜	U+1D55C	Mathematical double-struck small k
𝕝	𝕝	U+1D55D	Mathematical double-struck small l
𝕞	𝕞	U+1D55E	Mathematical double-struck small m
𝕟	𝕟	U+1D55F	Mathematical double-struck small n
𝕠	𝕠	U+1D560	Mathematical double-struck small o
𝕡	𝕡	U+1D561	Mathematical double-struck small p
𝕢	𝕢	U+1D562	Mathematical double-struck small q
𝕣	𝕣	U+1D563	Mathematical double-struck small r
𝕤	𝕤	U+1D564	Mathematical double-struck small s
𝕥	𝕥	U+1D565	Mathematical double-struck small t
𝕦	𝕦	U+1D566	Mathematical double-struck small u
𝕧	𝕧	U+1D567	Mathematical double-struck small v
𝕨	𝕨	U+1D568	Mathematical double-struck small W
𝕩	𝕩	U+1D569	Mathematical double-struck small X
𝕪	𝕪	U+1D56A	Mathematical double-struck small y
𝕫	𝕫	U+1D56B	Mathematical double-struck small z