HTML Character Encoding
Overview
In order to display a web page correctly, your web browser needs to know what character set to use. In the early days of the World Wide Web this was not really a problem, because the only character set used for web pages was the 128-character ASCII character set.
Within a decade, however, the web had become a truly worldwide phenomenon, and the resulting demand for internationalisation led to the development of a number of disparate and largely incompatible international character sets. It soon became obvious that some kind of international standard was needed.
ASCII
ASCII (sometimes referred to as US-ASCII) is the abbreviation for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character encoding standard developed for electronic communication and based on typographical symbols predominantly used in the United States. The ASCII standard was first published in 1963 and was most recently updated in 1986. ASCII has been widely-used to represent text in computers and telecommunications devices.
The table below lists the ASCII characters together with their decimal and hexadecimal code points. It also gives the named HTML entity used to represent a character, if one exists. Note that a numeric HTML entity exists for every printable character in the ASCII character set. It consists of an ampersand (&) followed by a hash sign (#) and then the decimal code point followed by a semi-colon (;). The upper-case character 'A' would thus be represented as follows:
A
The hexadecimal code point can also be used. The format is the same, except that an 'x' precedes the hexadecimal code to indicate that a hexadecimal code point is being used. Here is the hexadecimal numeric HTML entity for the upper-case character 'A':
A
The use of HTML entities is normally only required for characters that have special meaning within the HTML code itself, like the quotation mark, apostrophe, ampersand, less than, and greater than sympols (we have highlighted the corresponding entity names in the table).
Dec | Hex | Char | CTRL CHR/ HTML entity name | Dec | Hex | Char | HTML entity name |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
000 | 00 | - | NUL | 064 | 40 | @ | @ | |
001 | 01 | - | SOH | 065 | 41 | A | - | |
002 | 02 | - | STX | 066 | 42 | B | - | |
003 | 03 | - | ETX | 067 | 43 | C | - | |
004 | 04 | - | EOT | 068 | 44 | D | - | |
005 | 05 | - | ENQ | 069 | 45 | E | - | |
006 | 06 | - | ACK | 070 | 46 | F | - | |
007 | 07 | - | BEL | 071 | 47 | G | - | |
008 | 08 | - | BS | 072 | 48 | H | - | |
009 | 09 | - | HT | 073 | 49 | I | - | |
010 | 0A | - | LF | 074 | 4A | J | - | |
011 | 0B | - | VT | 075 | 4B | K | - | |
012 | 0C | - | FF | 076 | 4C | L | - | |
013 | 0D | - | CR | 077 | 4D | M | - | |
014 | 0E | - | SO | 078 | 4E | N | - | |
015 | 0F | - | SI | 079 | 4F | O | - | |
016 | 10 | - | DLE | 080 | 50 | P | - | |
017 | 11 | - | DC1 | 081 | 51 | Q | - | |
018 | 12 | - | DC2 | 082 | 52 | R | - | |
019 | 13 | - | DC3 | 083 | 53 | S | - | |
020 | 14 | - | DC4 | 084 | 54 | T | - | |
021 | 15 | - | NAK | 085 | 55 | U | - | |
022 | 16 | - | SYN | 086 | 56 | V | - | |
023 | 17 | - | ETB | 087 | 57 | W | - | |
024 | 18 | - | CAN | 088 | 58 | X | - | |
025 | 19 | - | EM | 089 | 59 | Y | - | |
026 | 1A | - | SUB | 090 | 5A | Z | - | |
027 | 1B | - | ESC | 091 | 5B | [ | [ | |
028 | 1C | - | FS | 092 | 5C | \ | \ | |
029 | 1D | - | GS | 093 | 5D | ] | ] | |
030 | 1E | - | RS | 094 | 5E | ^ | ^ | |
031 | 1F | - | US | 095 | 5F | _ | _ | |
032 | 20 | - | 096 | 60 | ` | ` | ||
033 | 21 | ! | ! | 097 | 61 | a | - | |
034 | 22 | " | " | 098 | 62 | b | - | |
035 | 23 | # | # | 099 | 63 | c | - | |
036 | 24 | $ | $ | 100 | 64 | d | - | |
037 | 25 | % | % | 101 | 65 | e | - | |
038 | 26 | & | & | 102 | 66 | f | - | |
039 | 27 | ' | ' | 103 | 67 | g | - | |
040 | 28 | ( | ( | 104 | 68 | h | - | |
041 | 29 | ) | ) | 105 | 69 | i | - | |
042 | 2A | * | * * | 106 | 6A | j | - | |
043 | 2B | + | + | 107 | 6B | k | - | |
044 | 2C | , | , | 108 | 6C | l | - | |
045 | 2D | - | − | 109 | 6D | m | - | |
046 | 2E | . | . | 110 | 6E | n | - | |
047 | 2F | / | / | 111 | 6F | o | - | |
048 | 30 | 0 | - | 112 | 70 | p | - | |
049 | 31 | 1 | - | 113 | 71 | q | - | |
050 | 32 | 2 | - | 114 | 72 | r | - | |
051 | 33 | 3 | - | 115 | 73 | s | - | |
052 | 34 | 4 | - | 116 | 74 | t | - | |
053 | 35 | 5 | - | 117 | 75 | u | - | |
054 | 36 | 6 | - | 118 | 76 | v | - | |
055 | 37 | 7 | - | 119 | 77 | w | - | |
056 | 38 | 8 | - | 120 | 78 | x | - | |
057 | 39 | 9 | - | 121 | 79 | y | - | |
058 | 3A | : | : | 122 | 7A | z | - | |
059 | 3B | ; | ; | 123 | 7B | { | { | |
060 | 3C | < | < | 124 | 7C | | | | | |
061 | 3D | = | = | 125 | 7D | } | } | |
062 | 3E | > | > | 126 | 7E | ~ | - | |
063 | 3F | ? | ? | 127 | 7F | - | DEL |
ASCII uses a 7-bit character encoding (the eighth bit was originally reserved for parity checking). This allows a total of one hundred and twenty-eight characters to be encoded. The first thirty-two characters are non-printing control characters (now mostly obsolete) used in data transmission, or to control devices such as printers. The last character (127 or 7Fhex is the delete (DEL) control character.
The ninety-five remaining code points (32 to 126 or 20hex to 7Ehex) all represent printable characters, including the digits 0 to 9, the lowercase letters a to z, the uppercase letters A to Z, a number of punctuation symbols and other symbols, and the space character. The ASCII character set forms the basis for more recent character encoding standards such as ISO-8859 and UTF-8.
ISO/IEC 8859
The default character set for the HTML 4.0 standard which emerged towards the end of the 1990s was based on the ISO/IEC 8859 series of standards for 8-bit character encodings. Unlike ASCII, ISO/IEC 8859 used all eight bits to encode characters and was thus able to represent twice as many characters.
The first 128 characters were identical to those in the ASCII character set, making ISO/IEC 8859 a superset of ASCII. Characters 128-159 were reserved for control characters. The remaining 96 places were intended for non-ASCII characters used by other languages based on the classical Latin alphabet.
Because the number of extra characters required to support these languages far exceeded the 96 places available, the ISO/IEC 8859 standard consisted of fifteen separate parts: ISO/IEC 8859-1 - ISO/IEC 8859-16 (ISO/IEC 8859-12 was abandoned). Each part was intended for use with a different set of languages.
The table below gives a brief summary of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of standards. The left-hand column shows year in which the current version of the corresponding part was published. The year in which the original version was published, if applicable, is shown in parentheses.
Part | Name | Language support |
---|---|---|
Part 1 1998 (1987) |
Latin-1 (Western European) ISO/IEC 8859-1 |
Danish (partial), Dutch (partial), English, Faeroese, Finnish (partial), French (partial), German, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romanic, Scottish Gaelic, Spanish, Catalan, Swedish, Albanian, Southeast Asian Indonesian, Afrikaans, Swahili. Revised as ISO/IEC 8859-15 in 1999. |
Part 2 1999 (1987) |
Latin-2 (Central European) ISO/IEC 8859-2 |
Bosnian, Polish, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Serbian, Hungarian. |
Part 3 1999 (1988) |
Latin-3 (South European) ISO/IEC 8859-3 |
Turkish, Maltese, Esperanto. Largely superceded by ISO/IEC 8859-9 for Turkish. |
Part 4 1998 (1988) |
Latin-4 (North European) ISO/IEC 8859-4 |
Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Greenlandic, Sami. |
Part 5 1999 (1988) |
Latin/Cyrillic ISO/IEC 8859-5 |
Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian (partial). |
Part 6 1999 (1987) |
Latin/Arabic ISO/IEC 8859-6 |
Covers most common Arabic language characters. |
Part 7 2003 (1987) |
Latin/Greek ISO/IEC 8859-7 |
Modern Greek, Ancient Greek (limited to monotonic orthography). |
Part 8 1999 (1988) |
Latin/Hebrew ISO/IEC 8859-8 |
Covers the modern Hebrew alphabet as used in Israel. |
Part 9 1999 (1989) |
Latin-5 (Turkish) ISO/IEC 8859-9 |
Turkish (similar to ISO/IEC 8859-1, but with Turkish characters replacing Icelandic characters). |
Part 10 1998 (1992) |
Latin-6 (Nordic) ISO/IEC 8859-10 |
Nordic languages. |
Part 11 2001 |
Latin/Thai ISO/IEC 8859-11 |
Contains characters needed for the Thai language. |
Part 13 1998 |
Latin-7 (Baltic Rim) ISO/IEC 8859-13 |
Baltic languages. |
Part 14 1998 |
Latin-8 (Celtic) ISO/IEC 8859-14 |
Celtic languages such as Gaelic and the Breton language. |
Part 15 1999 |
Latin-9 ISO/IEC 8859-15 |
A revision of 8859-1 that removes seldom-used symbols and adds the euro sign € and the letters Š, š, Ž, ž, Œ, œ, and Ÿ (completes coverage of French, Finnish and Estonian). |
Part 16 2001 |
Latin-10 (South-Eastern European) ISO/IEC 8859-16 |
Albanian, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Slovene, Finnish, French, German, Irish Gaelic. |
The default character set for HTML 4 was the Latin 1 (Western European) character set ISO/IEC 8859-1. To use a different character set, it was necessary to explicitly specify the character encoding to be used - for example by using a meta element with the charset parameter, or by using the http-equiv and content attributes within the document's <head> tag).
For the majority of languages, the required character repertoire could be found in a single part of the standard, but this was not true in every case. Moreover, a number of East Asian languages, including Chinese, Japanese and Korean, are not represented at all in the ISO/IEC 8859 system. These shortcomings would be addressed by the development of the Unicode standard.
The table below lists characters 128 – 255 in the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire together with their decimal and hexadecimal code points and named HTML entities. Numeric HTML entities exist for every printable character in the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire and can be derived in the manner described for ASCII printable characters (see above).
Dec | Hex | Char | CTRL CHR/ HTML entity name | Dec | Hex | Char | HTML entity name |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
128 | 80 | - | PAD | 192 | C0 | À | À | |
129 | 81 | - | HOP | 193 | C1 | Á | Á | |
130 | 82 | - | BPH | 194 | C2 | Â | Â | |
131 | 83 | - | NBH | 195 | C3 | Ã | Ã | |
132 | 84 | - | IND | 196 | C4 | Ä | Ä | |
133 | 85 | - | NEL | 197 | C5 | Å | Å | |
134 | 86 | - | SSA | 198 | C6 | Æ | Æ | |
135 | 87 | - | ESA | 199 | C7 | Ç | Ç | |
136 | 88 | - | HTS | 200 | C8 | È | È | |
137 | 89 | - | HTJ | 201 | C9 | É | É | |
138 | 8A | - | VTS | 202 | CA | Ê | Ê | |
139 | 8B | - | PLD | 203 | CB | Ë | Ë | |
140 | 8C | - | PLU | 204 | CC | Ì | Ì | |
141 | 8D | - | RI | 205 | CD | Í | Í | |
142 | 8E | - | SS2 | 206 | CE | Î | Î | |
143 | 8F | - | SS3 | 207 | CF | Ï | Ï | |
144 | 90 | - | DCS | 208 | D0 | Ð | Ð | |
145 | 91 | - | PU1 | 209 | D1 | Ñ | Ñ | |
146 | 92 | - | PU2 | 210 | D2 | Ò | Ò | |
147 | 93 | - | STS | 211 | D3 | Ó | Ó | |
148 | 94 | - | CCH | 212 | D4 | Ô | Ô | |
149 | 95 | - | MW | 213 | D5 | Õ | Õ | |
150 | 96 | - | SPA | 214 | D6 | Ö | Ö | |
151 | 97 | - | EPA | 215 | D7 | × | × | |
152 | 98 | - | SOS | 216 | D8 | Ø | Ø | |
153 | 99 | - | SGC1 | 217 | D9 | Ù | Ù | |
154 | 9A | - | SCI | 218 | DA | Ú | Ú | |
155 | 9B | - | CSI | 219 | DB | Û | Û | |
156 | 9C | - | SC | 220 | DC | Ü | Ü | |
157 | 9D | - | OST | 221 | DD | Ý | Ý | |
158 | 9E | - | PM | 222 | DE | Þ | Þ | |
159 | 9F | - | APC | 223 | DF | ß | ß | |
160 | A0 | | 224 | E0 | à | à | ||
161 | A1 | ¡ | ¡ | 225 | E1 | á | á | |
162 | A2 | ¢ | ¢ | 226 | E2 | â | â | |
163 | A3 | £ | £ | 227 | E3 | ã | ã | |
164 | A4 | ¤ | ¤ | 228 | E4 | ä | ä | |
165 | A5 | ¥ | ¥ | 229 | E5 | å | å | |
166 | A6 | ¦ | ¦ | 230 | E6 | æ | æ | |
167 | A7 | § | § | 231 | E7 | ç | ç | |
168 | A8 | ¨ | ¨ | 232 | E8 | è | è | |
169 | A9 | © | © | 233 | E9 | é | é | |
170 | AA | ª | ª | 234 | EA | ê | ê | |
171 | AB | « | « | 235 | EB | ë | ë | |
172 | AC | ¬ | ¬ | 236 | EC | ì | ì | |
173 | AD | | ­ | 237 | ED | í | í | |
174 | AE | ® | ® | 238 | EE | î | î | |
175 | AF | ¯ | ¯ | 239 | EF | ï | ï | |
176 | B0 | ° | ° | 240 | F0 | ð | ð | |
177 | B1 | ± | ± | 241 | F1 | ñ | ñ | |
178 | B2 | ² | ² | 242 | F2 | ò | ò | |
179 | B3 | ³ | ³ | 243 | F3 | ó | ó | |
180 | B4 | ´ | ´ | 244 | F4 | ô | ô | |
181 | B5 | µ | µ | 245 | F5 | õ | õ | |
182 | B6 | ¶ | ¶ | 246 | F6 | ö | ö | |
183 | B7 | · | · | 247 | F7 | ÷ | ÷ | |
184 | B8 | ¸ | ¸ | 248 | F8 | ø | ø | |
185 | B9 | ¹ | ¹ | 249 | F9 | ù | ù | |
186 | BA | º | º | 250 | FA | ú | ú | |
187 | BB | » | » | 251 | FB | û | û | |
188 | BC | ¼ | ¼ | 252 | FC | ü | ü | |
189 | BD | ½ | ½ | 253 | FD | ý | ý | |
190 | BE | ¾ | ¾ | 254 | FE | þ | þ | |
191 | BF | ¿ | ¿ | 255 | FF | ÿ | ÿ |
Windows-1252
Windows-1252 (or CP-1252) is an 8-bit character encoding scheme for the Latin alphabet that was developed by Microsoft and is the default encoding scheme for versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system and other Microsoft software intended for use with English and some other Western languages. Although almost identical to ISO 8859-1, Windows-1252 has never been an ANSI or ISO standard.
Because of the former popularity of Windows-1252 (at one time probably one of the most widely used character encoding schemes in the world) the charset label "windows-1252" is still recognised by most if not all browsers, although probably less than one percent of web sites worldwide now declare the use of Windows-1252.
As for ISO 8859-1, the first 128 characters in Windows-252 (i.e. code points 0-127) are identical to those in the ASCII character set. Windows-1252 is a thus a superset of ASCII. In fact, it differs from ISO 8859-1 only in its use of printable characters rather than control characters for code points 128 through 159. A summary of these characters is shown in the table below.
Dec | Hex | Char | CTRL CHR/ HTML entity name | Dec | Hex | Char | HTML entity name |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
128 | 80 | € | € | 144 | 90 | - | - | |
129 | 81 | - | - | 145 | 91 | ‘ | ‘ | |
130 | 82 | ‚ | ‚ | 146 | 92 | ’ | ’ | |
131 | 83 | ƒ | ƒ | 147 | 93 | “ | “ | |
132 | 84 | „ | „ | 148 | 94 | ” | ” | |
133 | 85 | … | … | 149 | 95 | • | • | |
134 | 86 | † | † | 150 | 96 | – | – | |
135 | 87 | ‡ | ‡ | 151 | 97 | — | — | |
136 | 88 | ˆ | ˆ | 152 | 98 | ˜ | ˜ | |
137 | 89 | ‰ | ‰ | 153 | 99 | ™ | ™ | |
138 | 8A | Š | Š | 154 | 9A | š | š | |
139 | 8B | ‹ | ‹ | 155 | 9B | › | › | |
140 | 8C | Œ | Œ | 156 | 9C | œ | œ | |
141 | 8D | - | - | 157 | 9D | - | - | |
142 | 8E | Ž | Ž | 158 | 9E | ž | ž | |
143 | 8F | - | - | 159 | 9F | Ÿ | Ÿ |
The code point representations shown in the above table are those used in the final version of Windows-1252, which made its first appearance in Windows 98, and was subsequently ported to older versions of Windows.
In terms of printable characters, Windows-1252 can be considered to be a superset of ISO 8859-1. In additional to all of the printable characters in ISO 8559-1, Windows-1252 includes curly quotation marks, and all of the printable characters in ISO 8859-15 that were not included in ISO 8859-1 (albeit in different positions).
Windows-1252 characters have in the past been included in web pages that claimed to use the charset ISO 8859-1 charset. This can occur, for example, when text containing "smart quotes" is created in Microsoft Word and then pasted into an HTML document. The quotation marks and apostrophes are subsequently read by the browser as control characters and are displayed incorrectly.
There are still a significant number of websites in existence that make use of Windows-1252 characters, but incorrectly identify the charset as ISO 8859-1. The default behaviour of most browsers, whenever they encounter a reference to ISO 1885-1, is to parse the text as if the charset has been declared as Windows-1252. This ensures that any non-ISO 8859-1 characters will be correctly displayed.
Unicode
In 1987, three software engineers – Joe Becker, Lee Collins and Mark Davis – initiated a project to develop a universal character encoding scheme which they called Unicode. The project led to the incorporation of the Unicode Consortium in California in 1991, whose stated aim was to develop, extend, and promote the use of the Unicode Standard.
The Unicode Standard claims to include encodings for (almost) every character, punctuation mark and symbol used by every language in the world. It is supported by current versions of virtually every operating system and web browser. The encoding scheme used is called the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) and has several variants. The most relevant variant from the point of view of developing web pages is UTF-8.
UTF-8 is a variable-width encoding scheme that can use from one to four 8-bit bytes to represent any character in the Unicode repertoire. Like each of the ISO 8559 standards that preceded it, it is a superset of ASCII. It is also a superset of the ISO 8559 standards. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) guidelines on Internationalisation techniques, under the heading Choosing and applying a character encoding, now advises web authors to choose UTF-8 for all content.
The first 256 characters of Unicode character sets (including UTF-8) are identical to the 256 characters of ISO 8859-1. This represents just a tiny fraction, however, of the total code space available. Unicode has a total of 1,114,112 code points! the Unicode code space is divided into seventeen planes (the basic multilingual plane plus sixteen supplementary planes), each of which contains 65,536 (2 16) code points.
Unicode version 12.1 (released in May 2019) defines a total of 137, 994 encoded characters with unique identifying names, although it should be noted that more complex characters and symbols (emojis, for example) can be created using a combination of two or more characters from this code space. It is therefore not possible to calculate the actual number of character representations possible with Unicode.
What we can say is that UTF-8 can represent every character within the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS), which is defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646. This is the character repertoire now used by HTML. Each character in the ISO/IEC 10646 repertoire is identified by an unambiguous name and a unique numeric value (its code point). The ISO/IEC 10646 standard is maintained in tandem with the Unicode standard, and both standards share the same set of unique code points.
Each Unicode code point is (usually) written as a five-digit hexadecimal number including leading zeros, prefixed with an upper-case "U" followed by a plus sign. For example, the uppercase letter "E", which has the decimal code point 69 (45h), would be written as follows:
U+00045
Most web pages today specify the use of the UTF-8 encoding scheme, because it can represent all of the characters used by virtually every language in the world, as well as a huge range of symbols and characters used in areas such as mathematics and science. To some extent, this has eliminated the need to use HTML entity references (which we will talk about shortly) since any character in the UTF-8 repertoire will be rendered correctly by modern browsers.
Each plane of the Unicode code space is further subdivided into Unicode blocks. A block is a contiguous range of code points, and each block has a unique descriptive name. The number of code points in any Unicode block is always a multiple of 16. Blocks can vary in size, from a minimum size of 16 code points up to a maximum size of 65,536 code points.
At the time of writing, all of the named HTML entity names published by the W3C refer to code points belonging to Unicode blocks contained within the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) except for those that refer to characters in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block, which is part of the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP).
Declaring a character encoding
The default character encoding for HTML5, and the one recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium for all content, is UTF-8. Having said that, there is nothing to prevent you from using alternative character encodings should you (for whatever reason) feel the need to do so.
Whichever character encoding standard you decide to use, you should always declare it in the head of your HTML documents in order to ensure that a web browser will render your pages correctly. If you don't specify a character encoding, the browser will either assume the default encoding for HTML 5 or use the encoding (if any) specified in the HTTP header. Which brings us to a rather tricky point.
The character encoding declared in the web server's HTTP header when it delivers your content will override any character encoding you specify in your HTML document. If your chosen character encoding differs from the character encoding specified by the web server's HTTP header, a web browser may not display all of your text correctly.
We'll come back to that point shortly. Before we do, let's look at how we actually declare our chosen character encoding within the HTML document itself. The W3C has this to say:
"Always declare the encoding of your document using a meta element with a charset attribute, or using the http-equiv and content attributes (called a pragma directive). The declaration should fit completely within the first 1024 bytes at the start of the file, so it's best to put it immediately after the opening head tag."
Both of the following declarations do exactly the same thing:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
. . .
</head>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
. . .
</head>
According to the W3C, it doesn't matter which one you use (although we prefer the first option because its shorter and easier to remember). One other point here is of paramount importance: you must ensure that the HTML file is saved with the same character encoding you have declared for the document. Most HTML editors will allow you to choose the encoding to be used when saving a file; the default encoding is usually UTF-8, but you might want to check, just to make sure.
Now let's tackle the issue of the HTTP header. As stated earlier, any character encoding declared in the HTTP header used by the web server to serve your documents will override the character encoding declaration used in your HTML document; this is obviously not an issue if they are both the same. If they are not, then what can you do about it? There are a couple of options available to you.
If you have administrative access to the server settings, you could change the character encoding declared by the HTTP header to match that of your HTML documents. Note that you should still declare the character encoding in the head of your HTML file, as it will be used by user agents when rendering your document in offline mode. You must also make sure that the character encoding declared in your document matches the character encoding used in the HTTP header.
If you do not have access to the web server settings (this is likely to be the case if you are using a web hosting service, for example) you may still be able to override the default "Content-Type" HTTP settings using a file called .htaccess, which you would need to create and upload to your website's root directory. Using the Header directive within the .htaccess file allows you to add, modify or delete HTTP response headers.
A detailed discussion of how you would go about implementing either of the above solutions is beyond the scope of this page. The good news is that if you stick to using UTF-8, there shouldn't be a problem, since most web servers don't specify a charset, and most of those that do specify UTF-8 by default.
One final point relates to something called the byte order mark or BOM. This is a two-byte code that is sometimes included in HTML files that use a Unicode character encoding. Before the advent of UTF-8 in 1993, all Unicode characters were transmitted as 16-bit code units with either the most significant byte first or the least significant byte first, depending on the order in which they were stored in memory. The BOM was added to the beginning of a transmission to indicate the byte order being used.
If there is a byte order mark at the beginning of an HTML file, most modern browsers will interpret this as meaning that the character encoding used by the document is UTF-8. Furthermore, this will (in the majority of cases) override any character encoding declared elsewhere, including the HTTP Content-type header.
You can check for the presence of a BOM at the start of a web page using the W3C Internationalization Checker. Enter the URL of the page you want to check, then click on the Check button. Details of the document's character encoding, including the presence or absence of a byte order mark, will be shown in the Character encoding section of the Internationalization Checker's output, as illustrated below.

W3C's Internationalization Checker will indicate whether a BOM is present
Note that the Unicode standard allows, but does not require or recommend, the use of a byte order mark for UTF-8. It does not recommend removing a BOM if present, because some code may require it in order to function correctly. A number of Microsoft applications - Notepad for example - add a BOM when saving text as UTF-8 and will be unable to interpret UTF-8 text correctly unless the BOM is present (or the file consists purely of ASCII characters).
The byte order mark can cause problems for some legacy software that does not know how to handle it, although these problems are gradually disappearing with the adoption of up-to-date browsers and HTML editing programs. Perhaps of more concern, though not something we need to worry about just yet, is that the presence of a BOM in files used by some scripting languages can sometimes cause unwanted side effects.
HTML character references
HTML character references provide an alternative means of representing characters in your HTML code. Essentially, since UTF-8 can be used to represent every code point in the Unicode code space, the only characters you must use an HTML entity for are the HTML reserved characters - ampersand (&), less-than (<), and greater-than (>). There are other circumstances, however, where the use of HTML character references may be necessary (or simply more convenient).
In HTML documents, each character used can either represent itself directly or be represented by a sequence of characters called a character reference. There are two types of character reference - a numeric character reference and a character entity reference. A numeric character reference uses the character's Unicode code point expressed as a decimal or hexadecimal number, whereas a character entity reference uses a unique entity name.
The following character references all represent the Greek capital letter Omega (Ω):
Ω <!-- decimal numeric character reference -->
Ω <!-- hexadecimal numeric character reference -->
Ω <!—character entity reference -->
Note the format for each representation. All HTML character references begin with the ampersand character (&) and end with a semi-colon (;). Numeric character references must include either the decimal representation of the character's code point prefixed with a hash sign (#), or the hexadecimal representation of the character's code point prefixed with a hash sign plus the lowercase letter "x". Leading zeros are ignored.
Named entities must include the unique W3C-defined symbolic name that refers to the character. Note that entity names are case sensitive. Note also that, in a number of cases, there may be two or more names defined for the same Unicode character (the reasons for this are probably historical; it doesn't seem to matter which name is used).
At the time of writing, W3C defines names for 1450 Unicode characters (and yes, we did count them - twice in fact), although the current list is a work in progress. We present a list of the named entities, in Unicode code point order and organised by Unicode block (see above) at the bottom of this page. As far as we have been able to ascertain (by carrying out a number of random checks), numeric character references can be used for any currently defined Unicode character.
The arguments for and against the use of HTML character references are many and varied, and a detailed discussion of the relative merits thereof is beyond the scope of this page. The general consensus seems to be that you should use actual Unicode characters (as opposed to HTML character references) wherever possible. This has the advantage of reducing document size and making your HTML code easier to read.
The use of Unicode characters is obviously conditional on code editors, browsers, and other related software providing support for Unicode. It is also imperative to save your HTML document in the correct (i.e. UTF-8) format, and to declare the character encoding as UTF-8 within the document's <head> element.
Character entity reference chart
The tables below list the HTML character entity references currently defined by the W3C. The characters are listed in ascending numerical order according to their Unicode code point value, and further organised into their Unicode code blocks as follows:
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
	 | U+00009 | Character tabulation | |

 | U+0000A | Line feed (LF) | |
! | ! | U+00021 | Exclamation mark |
" | " | U+00022 | Quotation mark |
# | # | U+00023 | Number sign |
$ | $ | U+00024 | Dollar sign |
% | % | U+00025 | Percent sign |
& | & | U+00026 | Ampersand |
' | ' | U+00027 | Apostrophe |
( | ( | U+00028 | Left parenthesis |
) | ) | U+00029 | Right parenthesis |
* | * | U+0002A | Asterisk |
+ | + | U+0002B | Plus sign |
, | , | U+0002C | Comma |
. | . | U+0002E | Full stop |
/ | / | U+0002F | Solidus |
: | : | U+0003A | Colon |
; | ; | U+0003B | Semicolon |
< | < | U+0003C | Less-than sign |
= | = | U+0003D | Equals sign |
> | > | U+0003E | Greater-than sign |
? | ? | U+0003F | Question mark |
@ | @ | U+00040 | Commercial at |
[ | [ | U+0005B | Left square bracket |
\ | \ | U+0005C | Reverse solidus |
] | ] | U+0005D | Right square bracket |
^ | ^ | U+0005E | Circumflex accent |
_ | _ | U+0005F | Low line |
` | ` | U+00060 | Accent |
{ | { | U+0007B | Left curly bracket |
| | | | U+0007C | Vertical line |
} | } | U+0007D | Right curly bracket |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
| U+000A0 | No-break space | |
¡ | ¡ | U+000A1 | Inverted exclamation mark |
¢ | ¢ | U+000A2 | Cent sign |
£ | £ | U+000A3 | Pound sign |
¤ | ¤ | U+000A4 | Currency sign |
¥ | ¥ | U+000A5 | Yen sign |
¦ | ¦ | U+000A6 | Broken bar |
§ | § | U+000A7 | Section sign |
¨ | ¨ | U+000A8 | Diaeresis |
© | © | U+000A9 | Copyright sign |
ª | ª | U+000AA | Feminine ordinal indicator |
« | « | U+000AB | Left-pointing double angle quotation mark |
¬ | ¬ | U+000AC | Not sign |
- | ­ | U+000AD | Soft hyphen |
® | ® | U+000AE | Registered sign |
¯ | ¯ | U+000AF | Macron |
° | ° | U+000B0 | Degree sign |
± | ± | U+000B1 | Plus-minus sign |
² | ² | U+000B2 | Superscript two |
³ | ³ | U+000B3 | Superscript three |
´ | ´ | U+000B4 | Acute accent |
µ | µ | U+000B5 | Micro sign |
¶ | ¶ | U+000B6 | Pilcrow sign |
· | · | U+000B7 | Middle dot |
¸ | ¸ | U+000B8 | Cedilla |
¹ | ¹ | U+000B9 | Superscript one |
º | º | U+000BA | Masculine ordinal indicator |
» | » | U+000BB | Right-pointing double angle quotation mark |
¼ | ¼ | U+000BC | Vulgar fraction one quarter |
½ | ½ | U+000BD | Vulgar fraction one half |
¾ | ¾ | U+000BE; | Vulgar fraction three quarters |
¿ | ¿ | U+000BF | Inverted question mark |
À | À | U+000C0 | Latin capital letter A with grave |
Á | Á | U+000C1 | Latin capital letter A with acute |
 |  | U+000C2 | Latin capital letter A with circumflex |
à | à | U+000C3 | Latin capital letter A with tilde |
Ä | Ä | U+000C4 | Latin capital letter A with diaeresis |
Å | Å | U+000C5 | Latin capital letter A with ring above |
Æ | Æ | U+000C6 | Latin capital letter AE |
Ç | Ç | U+000C7 | Latin capital letter C with cedilla |
È | È | U+000C8 | Latin capital letter E with grave |
É | É | U+000C9 | Latin capital letter E with acute |
Ê | Ê | U+000CA | Latin capital letter E with circumflex |
Ë | Ë | U+000CB | Latin capital letter E with diaeresis |
Ì | Ì | U+000CC | Latin capital letter I with grave |
Í | Í | U+000CD | Latin capital letter I with acute |
Î | Î | U+000CE | Latin capital letter I with circumflex |
Ï | Ï | U+000CF | Latin capital letter I with diaeresis |
Ð | Ð | U+000D0 | Latin capital letter Eth |
Ñ | Ñ | U+000D1 | Latin capital letter N with tilde |
Ò | Ò | U+000D2 | Latin capital letter O with grave |
Ó | Ó | U+000D3 | Latin capital letter O with acute |
Ô | Ô | U+000D4 | Latin capital letter O with circumflex |
Õ | Õ | U+000D5 | Latin capital letter O with tilde |
Ö | Ö | U+000D6 | Latin capital letter O with diaeresis |
× | × | U+000D7 | Multiplication sign |
Ø | Ø | U+000D8 | LAtin capital letter O with stroke |
Ù | Ù | U+000D9 | Latin capital letter U with grave |
Ú | Ú | U+000DA | Latin capital letter U with acute |
Û | Û | U+000DB | Latin capital letter U with circumflex |
Ü | Ü | U+000DC | Latin capital letter U with diaeresis |
Ý | Ý | U+000DD | Latin capital letter Y with acute |
Þ | Þ | U+000DE | Latin capital letter Thorn |
ß | ß | U+000DF | Latin small letter sharp s |
à | à | U+000E0 | Latin small letter a with grave |
á | á | U+000E1 | Latin small letter a with acute |
â | â | U+000E2 | Latin small letter a with circumflex |
ã | ã | U+000E3 | Latin small letter a with tilde |
ä | ä | U+000E4 | Latin small letter a with diaeresis |
å | å | U+000E5 | Latin small letter a with ring above |
æ | æ | U+000E6 | Latin small letter ae |
ç | ç | U+000E7 | Latin small letter c with cedilla |
è | è | U+000E8 | Latin small letter e with grave |
é | é | U+000E9 | Latin small letter e with acute |
ê | ê | U+000EA | Latin small letter e with circumflex |
ë | ë | U+000EB | Latin small letter e with diaeresis |
ì | ì | U+000EC | Latin small letter i with grave |
í | í | U+000ED | Latin small letter i with acute |
î | î | U+000EE | Latin small letter i with circumflex |
ï | ï | U+000EF | Latin small letter i with diaeresis |
ð | ð | U+000F0 | Latin small letter eth |
ñ | ñ | U+000F1 | Latin small letter n with tilde |
ò | ò | U+000F2 | Latin small letter o with grave |
ó | ó | U+000F3 | Latin small letter o with acute |
ô | ô | U+000F4 | Latin small letter o with circumflex |
õ | õ | U+000F5 | Latin small letter o with tilde |
ö | ö | U+000F6 | Latin small letter o with diaeresis |
÷ | ÷ | U+000F7 | Division sign |
ø | ø | U+000F8 | Latin small letter o with stroke |
ù | ù | U+000F9 | Latin small letter u with grave |
ú | ú | U+000FA | Latin small letter u with acute |
û | û | U+000FB | Latin small letter u with circumflex |
ü | ü | U+000FC | Latin small letter u with diaeresis |
ý | ý | U+000FD | Latin small letter y with acute |
þ | þ | U+000FE | Latin small letter thorn |
ÿ | ÿ | U+000FF | Latin small letter y with diaeresis |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Ā | Ā | U+00100 | Latin capital letter A with macron |
ā | ā | U+00101 | Latin small letter a with macron |
Ă | Ă | U+00102 | Latin capital letter A with breve |
ă | ă | U+00103 | Latin small letter a with breve |
Ą | Ą | U+00104 | Latin capital letter A with ogonek |
ą | ą | U+00105 | Latin small letter a with ogonek |
Ć | Ć | U+00106 | Latin capital letter C with acute |
ć | ć | U+00107 | Latin small letter c with acute |
Ĉ | Ĉ | U+00108 | Latin capital letter C with circumflex |
ĉ | ĉ | U+00109 | Latin small letter c with circumflex |
Ċ | Ċ | U+0010A | Latin capital letter C with dot above |
ċ | ċ | U+0010B | Latin small letter c with dot above |
Č | Č | U+0010C | Latin capital letter C with caron |
č | č | U+0010D | Latin small letter c with caron |
Ď | Ď | U+0010E | Latin capital letter D with caron |
ď | ď | U+0010F | Latin small letter d with caron |
Đ | Đ | U+00110 | Latin capital letter D with stroke |
đ | đ | U+00111 | Latin small letter d with stroke |
Ē | Ē | U+00112 | Latin capital letter E with macron |
ē | ē | U+00113 | Latin small letter e with macron |
Ė | Ė | U+00116 | Latin capital letter E with dot above |
ė | ė | U+00117 | Latin small letter e with dot above |
Ę | Ę | U+00118 | Latin capital letter E with ogonek |
ę | ę | U+00119 | Latin small letter e with ogonek |
Ě | Ě | U+0011A | Latin capital letter E with caron |
ě | ě | U+0011B | Latin small letter e with caron |
Ĝ | Ĝ | U+0011C | Latin capital letter G with circumflex |
ĝ | ĝ | U+0011D | Latin small letter g with circumflex |
Ğ | Ğ | U+0011E | Latin capital letter G with breve |
ğ | ğ | U+0011F | Latin small letter g with breve |
Ġ | Ġ | U+00120 | Latin capital letter G with dot above |
ġ | ġ | U+00121 | Latin small letter g with dot above |
Ģ | Ģ | U+00122 | Latin capital letter G with cedilla |
Ĥ | Ĥ | U+00124 | Latin capital letter H with circumflex |
ĥ | ĥ | U+00125 | Latin small letter h with circumflex |
Ħ | Ħ | U+00126 | Latin capital letter H with stroke |
ħ | ħ | U+00127 | Latin small letter h with stroke |
Ĩ | Ĩ | U+00128 | Latin capital letter I with tilde |
ĩ | ĩ | U+00129 | Latin small letter i with tilde |
Ī | Ī | U+0012A | Latin capital letter I with macron |
ī | ī | U+0012B | Latin small letter i with macron |
Į | Į | U+0012E | Latin capital letter I with ogonek |
į | į | U+0012F | Latin small letter i with ogonek |
İ | İ | U+00130 | Latin capital letter I with dot above |
ı | ı | U+00131 | Latin small letter dotless i |
IJ | IJ | U+00132 | Latin capital ligature IJ |
ij | ij | U+00133 | Latin small ligature ij |
Ĵ | Ĵ | U+00134 | Latin capital letter J with circumflex |
ĵ | ĵ | U+00135 | Latin small letter j with circumflex |
Ķ | Ķ | U+00136 | Latin capital letter K with cedilla |
ķ | ķ | U+00137 | Latin small letter k with cedilla |
ĸ | ĸ | U+00138 | Latin small letter kra |
Ĺ | Ĺ | U+00139 | Latin capital letter L with acute |
ĺ | ĺ | U+0013A | Latin small letter l with acute |
Ļ | Ļ | U+0013B | Latin capital letter L with cedilla |
ļ | ļ | U+0013C | Latin small letter l with cedilla |
Ľ | Ľ | U+0013D | Latin capital letter L with caron |
ľ | ľ | U+0013E | Latin small letter l with caron |
Ŀ | Ŀ | U+0013F | Latin capital letter L with middle dot |
ŀ | ŀ | U+00140 | Latin small letter l with middle dot |
Ł | Ł | U+00141 | Latin capital letter L with stroke |
ł | ł | U+00142 | Latin small letter l with stroke |
Ń | Ń | U+00143 | Latin capital letter N with acute |
ń | ń | U+00144 | Latin small letter n with acute |
Ņ | Ņ | U+00145 | Latin capital letter N with cedilla |
ņ | ņ | U+00146 | Latin small letter n with cedilla |
Ň | Ň | U+00147 | Latin capital letter N with caron |
ň | ň | U+00148 | Latin small letter n with caron |
ʼn | ʼn | U+00149 | Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe |
Ŋ | Ŋ | U+0014A | Latin capital letter ENG |
ŋ | ŋ | U+0014B | Latin small letter eng |
Ō | Ō | U+0014C | Latin capital letter O with macron |
ō | ō | U+0014D | Latin small letter o with macron |
Ő | Ő | U+00150 | Latin capital letter O with double acute |
ő | ő | U+00151 | Latin small letter o with double acute |
Œ | Œ | U+00152 | Latin capital ligature OE |
œ | œ | U+00153 | Latin small ligature oe |
Ŕ | Ŕ | U+00154 | Latin capital letter R with acute |
ŕ | ŕ | U+00155 | Latin small letter r with acute |
Ŗ | Ŗ | U+00156 | Latin capital letter R with cedilla |
ŗ | ŗ | U+00157 | Latin small letter r with cedilla |
Ř | Ř | U+00158 | Latin capital letter R with caron |
ř | ř | U+00159 | Latin small letter r with caron |
Ś | Ś | U+0015A | Latin capital letter S with acute |
ś | ś | U+0015B | Latin small letter s with acute |
Ŝ | Ŝ | U+0015C | Latin capital letter S with circumflex |
ŝ | ŝ | U+0015D | Latin small letter s with circumflex |
Ş | Ş | U+0015E | Latin capital letter S with cedilla |
ş | ş | U+0015F | Latin small letter s with cedilla |
Š | Š | U+00160 | Latin capital letter S with caron |
š | š | U+00161 | Latin small letter s with caron |
Ţ | Ţ | U+00162 | Latin capital letter T with cedilla |
ţ | ţ | U+00163 | Latin small letter t with cedilla |
Ť | Ť | U+00164 | Latin capital letter T with caron |
ť | ť | U+00165 | Latin small letter t with caron |
Ŧ | Ŧ | U+00166 | Latin capital letter T with stroke |
ŧ | ŧ | U+00167 | Latin small letter t with stroke |
Ũ | Ũ | U+00168 | Latin capital letter U with tilde |
ũ | ũ | U+00169 | Latin small letter u with tilde |
Ū | Ū | U+0016A | Latin capital letter U with macron |
ū | ū | U+0016B | Latin small letter u with macron |
Ŭ | Ŭ | U+0016C | Latin capital letter U with breve |
ŭ | ŭ | U+0016D | Latin small letter u with breve |
Ů | Ů | U+0016E | Latin capital letter U with ring above |
ů | ů | U+0016F | Latin small letter u with ring above |
Ű | Ű | U+00170 | Latin capital letter U with double acute |
ű | ű | U+00171 | Latin small letter u with double acute |
Ų | Ų | U+00172 | Latin capital letter U with ogonek |
ų | ų | U+00173 | Latin small letter u with ogonek |
Ŵ | Ŵ | U+00174 | Latin capital letter W with circumflex |
ŵ | ŵ | U+00175 | Latin small letter w with circumflex |
Ŷ | Ŷ | U+00176 | Latin capital letter Y with circumflex |
ŷ | ŷ | U+00177 | Latin small letter y with circumflex |
Ÿ | Ÿ | U+00178 | Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis |
Ź | Ź | U+00179 | Latin capital letter Z with acute |
ź | ź | U+0017A | Latin small letter z with acute |
Ż | Ż | U+0017B | Latin capital letter Z with dot above |
ż | ż | U+0017C | Latin small letter z with dot above |
Ž | Ž | U+0017D | Latin capital letter Z with caron |
ž | ž | U+0017E | Latin small letter z with caron |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ƒ | ƒ | U+00192 | Latin small letter f with hook |
Ƶ | Ƶ | U+001B5 | Latin capital letter Z with stroke |
ǵ | ǵ | U+001F5 | Latin small letter g with acute |
ȷ | ȷ | U+00237 | Latin small letter dotless j |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ˆ | ˆ | U+002C6 | Modifier letter circumflex accent |
ˇ | ˇ | U+002C7 | Caron |
˘ | ˘ | U+002D8 | Breve |
˙ | ˙ | U+002D9 | Dot above |
˚ | ˚ | U+002DA | Ring above |
˛ | ˛ | U+002DB | Ogonek |
˜ | ˜ | U+002DC | Small tilde |
˝ | ˝ | U+002DD | Double acute accent |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
 ̑ | ̑ | U+00311 | Combining inverted breve |
 ̲ | _ | U+00332 | Combining low line |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Α | Α | U+00391 | Greek capital letter Alpha |
Β | Β | U+00392 | Greek capital letter Beta |
Γ | Γ | U+00393 | Greek capital letter Gamma |
Δ | Δ | U+00394 | Greek capital letter Delta |
Ε | Ε | U+00395 | Greek capital letter Epsilon |
Ζ | Ζ | U+00396 | Greek capital letter Zeta |
Η | Η | U+00397 | Greek capital letter Eta |
Θ | Θ | U+00398 | Greek capital letter Theta |
Ι | Ι | U+00399 | Greek capital letter Iota |
Κ | Κ | U+0039A | Greek capital letter Kappa |
Λ | Λ | U+0039B; | Greek capital letter Lamda |
Μ | Μ | U+0039C; | Greek capital letter Mu |
Ν | Ν | U+0039D; | Greek capital letter Nu |
Ξ | Ξ | U+0039E; | Greek capital letter Xi |
Ο | Ο | U+0039F; | Greek capital letter Omicron |
Π | Π | U+003A0 | Greek capital letter Pi |
Ρ | Ρ | U+003A1 | Greek capital letter Rho |
Σ | Σ | U+003A3 | Greek capital letter Sigma |
Τ | Τ | U+003A4 | Greek capital letter Tau |
Υ | Υ | U+003A5 | Greek capital letter Upsilon |
Φ | Φ | U+003A6 | Greek capital letter Phi |
Χ | Χ | U+003A7 | Greek capital letter Chi |
Ψ | Ψ | U+003A8 | Greek capital letter Psi |
Ω | Ω | U+003A9 | Greek capital letter Omega |
α | α | U+003B1 | Greek small letter alpha |
β | β | U+003B2 | Greek small letter beta |
γ | γ | U+003B3 | Greek small letter gamma |
δ | δ | U+003B4 | Greek small letter delta |
ε | ε | U+003B5 | Greek small letter epsilon |
ζ | ζ | U+003B6 | Greek small letter zeta |
η | η | U+003B7 | Greek small letter eta |
θ | θ | U+003B8 | Greek small letter theta |
ι | ι | U+003B9 | Greek small letter iota |
κ | κ | U+003BA | Greek small letter kappa |
λ | λ | U+003BB; | Greek small letter lamda |
μ | μ | U+003BC; | Greek small letter mu |
ν | ν | U+003BD; | Greek small letter nu |
ξ | ξ | U+003BE; | Greek small letter xi |
ο | ο | U+003BF; | Greek small letter omicron |
π | π | U+003C0 | Greek small letter pi |
ρ | ρ | U+003C1 | Greek small letter rho |
ς | ς | U+003C2 | Greek small letter final sigma |
σ | σ | U+003C3 | Greek small letter sigma |
τ | τ | U+003C4 | Greek small letter tau |
υ | υ | U+003C5 | Greek small letter upsilon |
φ | φ | U+003C6 | Greek small letter phi |
χ | χ | U+003C7 | Greek small letter chi |
ψ | ψ | U+003C8 | Greek small letter psi |
ω | ω | U+003C9 | Greek small letter omega |
ϑ | ϑ | U+003D1 | Greek Theta symbol |
ϒ | ϒ | U+003D2 | Greek Upsilon with hook symbol |
ϕ | ϕ | U+003D5 | Greek Phi symbol |
ϖ | ϖ | U+003D6 | Greek Pi symbol |
Ϝ | Ϝ | U+003DC; | Greek letter Digamma |
ϝ | ϝ | U+003DD; | Greek small letter digamma |
ϰ | ϰ | U+003F0 | Greek Kappa symbol |
ϱ | ϱ | U+003F1 | Greek Rho symbol |
ϵ | ε | U+003F5 | Greek lunate Epsilon symbol |
϶ | ϶ | U+003F6 | Greek reversed lunate Epsilon symbol |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Ё | Ё | U+00401 | Cyrillic capital letter Io |
Ђ | Ђ | U+00402 | Cyrillic capital letter Dje |
Ѓ | Ѓ | U+00403 | Cyrillic capital letter Gje |
Є | Є | U+00404 | Cyrillic capital letter Ukrainian Ie |
Ѕ | Ѕ | U+00405 | Cyrillic capital letter Dze |
І | І | U+00406 | Cyrillic capital letter Byelorussian-Ukrainian I |
Ї | Ї | U+00407 | Cyrillic capital letter Yi |
Ј | Ј | U+00408 | Cyrillic capital letter Je |
Љ | Љ | U+00409 | Cyrillic capital letter Lje |
Њ | Њ | U+0040A | Cyrillic capital letter Nje |
Ћ | Ћ | U+0040B | Cyrillic capital letter Tshe |
Ќ | Ќ | U+0040C | Cyrillic capital letter Kje |
Ў | Ў | U+0040E | Cyrillic capital letter Short U |
Џ | Џ | U+0040F | Cyrillic capital letter Dzhe |
А | А | U+00410 | Cyrillic capital letter A |
Б | Б | U+00411 | Cyrillic capital letter Be |
В | В | U+00412 | Cyrillic capital letter Ve |
Г | Г | U+00413 | Cyrillic capital letter Ghe |
Д | Д | U+00414 | Cyrillic capital letter De |
Е | Е | U+00415 | Cyrillic capital letter Ie |
Ж | Ж | U+00416 | Cyrillic capital letter Zhe |
З | З | U+00417 | Cyrillic capital letter Ze |
И | И | U+00418 | Cyrillic capital letter I |
Й | Й | U+00419 | Cyrillic capital letter Short I |
К | К | U+0041A | Cyrillic capital letter Ka |
Л | Л | U+0041B | Cyrillic capital letter El |
М | М | U+0041C | Cyrillic capital letter Em |
Н | Н | U+0041D; | Cyrillic capital letter En |
О | О | U+0041E | Cyrillic capital letter O |
П | П | U+0041F | Cyrillic capital letter Pe |
Р | Р | U+00420 | Cyrillic capital letter Er |
С | С | U+00421 | Cyrillic capital letter Es |
Т | Т | U+00422 | Cyrillic capital letter Te |
У | У | U+00423 | Cyrillic capital letter U |
Ф | Ф | U+00424 | Cyrillic capital letter Ef |
Х | Х | U+00425 | Cyrillic capital letter Ha |
Ц | Ц | U+00426 | Cyrillic capital letter Tse |
Ч | Ч | U+00427 | Cyrillic capital letter Che |
Ш | Ш | U+00428 | Cyrillic capital letter Sha |
Щ | Щ | U+00429 | Cyrillic capital letter Shcha |
Ъ | Ъ | U+0042A | Cyrillic capital letter Hard Sign |
Ы | Ы | U+0042B | Cyrillic capital letter Yeru |
Ь | Ь | U+0042C | Cyrillic capital letter Soft Sign |
Э | Э | U+0042D | Cyrillic capital letter E |
Ю | Ю | U+0042E | Cyrillic capital letter Yu |
Я | Я | U+0042F | Cyrillic capital letter Ya |
а | а | U+00430 | Cyrillic small letter a |
б | б | U+00431 | Cyrillic small letter be |
в | в | U+00432 | Cyrillic small letter ve |
г | г | U+00433 | Cyrillic small letter ghe |
д | д | U+00434 | Cyrillic small letter de |
е | е | U+00435 | Cyrillic small letter ie |
ж | ж | U+00436 | Cyrillic small letter zhe |
з | з | U+00437 | Cyrillic small letter ze |
и | и | U+00438 | Cyrillic small letter i |
й | й | U+00439 | Cyrillic small letter short i |
к | к | U+0043A | Cyrillic small letter ka |
л | л | U+0043B | Cyrillic small letter el |
м | м | U+0043C | Cyrillic small letter em |
н | н | U+0043D | Cyrillic small letter EN |
о | о | U+0043E | Cyrillic small letter o |
п | п | U+0043F | Cyrillic small letter pe |
р | р | U+00440 | Cyrillic small letter er |
с | с | U+00441 | Cyrillic small letter es |
т | т | U+00442 | Cyrillic small letter te |
у | у | U+00443 | Cyrillic small letter u |
ф | ф | U+00444 | Cyrillic small letter ef |
х | х | U+00445 | Cyrillic small letter ha |
ц | ц | U+00446 | Cyrillic small letter tse |
ч | ч | U+00447 | Cyrillic small letter che |
ш | ш | U+00448 | Cyrillic small letter sha |
щ | щ | U+00449 | Cyrillic small letter shcha |
ъ | ъ | U+0044A | Cyrillic small letter hard sign |
ы | ы | U+0044B | Cyrillic small letter yeru |
ь | ь | U+0044C | Cyrillic small letter soft sign |
э | э | U+0044D | Cyrillic small letter e |
ю | ю | U+0044E | Cyrillic small letter yu |
я | я | U+0044F | Cyrillic small letter ya |
ё | ё | U+00451 | Cyrillic small letter io |
ђ | ђ | U+00452 | Cyrillic small letter dje |
ѓ | ѓ | U+00453 | Cyrillic small letter gje |
є | є | U+00454 | Cyrillic small letter Ukrainian ie |
ѕ | ѕ | U+00455 | Cyrillic small letter dze |
і | і | U+00456 | Cyrillic small letter Byelorussian-Ukrainian i |
ї | ї | U+00457 | Cyrillic small letter yi |
ј | ј | U+00458 | Cyrillic small letter je |
љ | љ | U+00459 | Cyrillic small letter lje |
њ | њ | U+0045A | Cyrillic small letter nje |
ћ | ћ | U+0045B | Cyrillic small letter tshe |
ќ | ќ | U+0045C | Cyrillic small letter kje |
ў | ў | U+0045E | Cyrillic small letter short u |
џ | џ | U+0045F | Cyrillic small letter dzhe |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
  | U+02002 | En space | |
  | U+02003 | Em space | |
&emsp13 | U+02004 | Three-per-em space | |
&emsp14 | U+02005 | Four-per-em space | |
  | U+02007 | Figure space | |
  | U+02008 | Punctuation space | |
  | U+02009 | Thin space | |
  | U+0200A | Hair space | |
| ​ | U+0200B | Zero width space |
| ‌ | U+0200C | Zero width non-joiner |
| ‍ | U+0200D | Zero width joiner |
| ‎ | U+0200E | Left-to-right mark |
| ‏ | U+0200F | Right-to-left mark |
‐ | ‐ | U+02010 | Hyphen |
– | – | U+02013 | En dash |
— | — | U+02014 | Em dash |
― | ― | U+02015 | Horizontal bar |
‖ | ‖ | U+02016 | Double vertical line |
‘ | ‘ | U+02018 | Left single quotation mark |
’ | ’ | U+02019 | Right single quotation mark |
‚ | ‚ | U+0201A | Single low-9 quotation mark |
“ | “ | U+0201C | Left double quotation mark |
” | ” | U+0201D | Right double quotation mark |
„ | „ | U+0201E | Double low-9 quotation mark |
† | † | U+02020 | Dagger |
‡ | ‡ | U+02021 | Double dagger |
• | • | U+02022 | Bullet |
‥ | ‥ | U+02025 | Two dot leader |
… | … | U+02026 | Horizontal ellipsis |
‰ | ‰ | U+02030 | Per mille sign |
‱ | ‱ | U+02031 | Per ten thousand sign |
′ | ′ | U+02032 | Prime |
″ | ″ | U+02033 | Double prime |
‴ | ‴ | U+02034 | Triple prime |
‵ | ‵ | U+02035 | Reversed prime |
‹ | ‹ | U+02039 | Single left-pointing angle quotation mark |
› | › | U+0203A | Single right-pointing angle quotation mark |
‾ | ‾ | U+0203E | Overline |
⁁ | ⁁ | U+02041 | Caret insertion point |
⁃ | ⁃ | U+02043 | Hyphen bullet |
⁄ | ⁄ | U+02044 | Fraction slash |
⁏ | ⁏ | U+0204F | Reversed semicolon |
⁗ | ⁗ | U+02057 | Quadruple prime |
  | U+0205F | Medium Mathematical space | |
| ⁠ | U+02060 | Word joiner |
| ⁡ | U+02061 | Function application |
| ⁢ | U+02062 | Invisible times |
| ⁣ | U+02063 | Invisible separator |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
€ | € | U+020AC | Euro sign |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
 ⃛ | ⃛ | U+020DB | Combining three dots above |
 ⃜ | ⃜ | U+020DC | Combining four dots above |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ℂ | ℂ | U+02102 | Double-struck capital C |
℅ | ℅ | U+02105 | Care of |
ℊ | ℊ | U+0210A | Script small g |
ℋ | ℋ | U+0210B | Script capital H |
ℌ | ℌ | U+0210C | Black-letter capital H |
ℍ | ℍ | U+0210D | Double-struck capital H |
ℎ | ℎ | U+0210E | Planck constant |
ℏ | ℏ | U+0210F | Planck constant over two Pi |
ℐ | ℐ | U+02110 | Script capital I |
ℑ | ℑ | U+02111 | Black-letter capital I |
ℒ | ℒ | U+02112 | Script capital L |
ℓ | ℓ | U+02113 | Script small l |
ℕ | ℕ | U+02115 | Double-struck capital N |
№ | № | U+02116 | Numero sign |
℗ | ℗ | U+02117 | Sound recording copyright |
℘ | ℘ | U+02118 | Script capital P |
ℙ | ℙ | U+02119 | Double-struck capital P |
ℚ | ℚ | U+0211A | Double-struck capital Q |
ℛ | ℛ | U+0211B | Script capital R |
ℜ | ℜ | U+0211C | Black-letter capital R |
ℝ | ℝ | U+0211D | Double-struck capital R |
℞ | ℞ | U+0211E | Prescription take |
™ | ™ | U+02122 | Trade mark sign |
ℤ | ℤ | U+02124 | Double-struck capital Z |
Ω | Ω | U+02126 | Ohm sign |
℧ | ℧ | U+02127 | Inverted ohm sign |
ℨ | ℨ | U+02128 | Black-letter capital Z |
℩ | ℩ | U+02129 | Turned greek small letter iota |
Å | Å | U+0212B | Angstrom sign |
ℬ | ℬ | U+0212C | Script capital B |
ℭ | ℭ | U+0212D | Black-letter capital C |
ℯ | ℯ | U+0212F | Script small e |
ℰ | ℰ | U+02130 | Script capital E |
ℱ | ℱ | U+02131 | Script capital F |
ℳ | ℳ | U+02133 | Script capital M |
ℴ | ℴ | U+02134 | Script small o |
ℵ | ℵ | U+02135 | Alef symbol |
ℶ | ℶ | U+02136 | Bet symbol |
ℷ | ℷ | U+02137 | Gimel symbol |
ℸ | ℸ | U+02138 | Dalet symbol |
ⅅ | ⅅ | U+02145 | Double-struck italic capital D |
ⅆ | ⅆ | U+02146 | Double-struck italic small d |
ⅇ | ⅇ | U+02147 | Double-struck italic small e |
ⅈ | ⅈ | U+02148 | Double-struck italic small i |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⅓ | ⅓ | U+02153 | Vulgar fraction one third |
⅔ | ⅔ | U+02154 | Vulgar fraction two thirds |
⅕ | ⅕ | U+02155 | Vulgar fraction one fifth |
⅖ | ⅖ | U+02156 | Vulgar fraction two fifths |
⅗ | ⅗ | U+02157 | Vulgar fraction three fifths |
⅘ | ⅘ | U+02158 | Vulgar fraction four fifths |
⅙ | ⅙ | U+02159 | Vulgar fraction one sixth |
⅚ | ⅚ | U+0215A | Vulgar fraction five sixths |
⅛ | ⅛ | U+0215B | Vulgar fraction one eighth |
⅜ | &frac38v | U+0215C | Vulgar fraction three eighths |
⅝ | ⅝ | U+0215D | Vulgar fraction five eighths |
⅞ | ⅞ | U+0215E | Vulgar fraction seven eighths |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
← | ← | U+02190 | Leftwards arrow |
↑ | ↑ | U+02191 | Upwards arrow |
→ | → | U+02192 | Rightwards arrow |
↓ | ↓ | U+02193 | Downwards arrow |
↔ | ↔ | U+02194 | Left right arrow |
↕ | ↕ | U+02195 | Up down arrow |
↖ | ↖ | U+02196 | North west arrow |
↗ | ↗ | U+02197 | North east arrow |
↘ | ↘ | U+02198 | South east arrow |
↙ | ↙ | U+02199 | South west arrow |
↚ | ↚ | U+0219A | Leftwards arrow with stroke |
↛ | ↛ | U+0219B | Rightwards arrow with stroke |
↝ | ↝ | U+0219D | Rightwards wave arrow |
↞ | ↞ | U+0219E | Leftwards two headed arrow |
↟ | ↟ | U+0219F | Upwards two headed arrow |
↠ | ↠ | U+021A0 | Rightwards two headed arrow |
↡ | ↡ | U+021A1 | Downwards two headed arrow |
↢ | ↢ | U+021A2 | Leftwards arrow with tail |
↣ | ↣ | U+021A3 | Rightwards arrow with tail |
↤ | ↤ | U+021A4 | Leftwards arrow from bar |
↥ | ↥ | U+021A5 | Upwards arrow from bar |
↦ | ↦ | U+021A6 | Rightwards arrow from bar |
↧ | ↧ | U+021A7 | Downwards arrow from bar |
↩ | ↩ | U+021A9 | Leftwards arrow with hook |
↪ | ↪ | U+021AA | Rightwards arrow with hook |
↫ | ↫ | U+021AB | Leftwards arrow with loop |
↬ | ↬ | U+021AC | Rightwards arrow with loop |
↭ | ↭ | U+021AD | Left right wave arrow |
↮ | ↮ | U+021AE | Left right arrow with stroke |
↰ | ↰ | U+021B0 | Upwards arrow with tip leftwards |
↱ | ↱ | U+021B1 | Upwards arrow with tip rightwards |
↲ | ↲ | U+021B2 | Downwards arrow with tip leftwards |
↳ | ↳ | U+021B3 | Downwards arrow with tip rightwards |
↵ | ↵ | U+021B5 | Downwards arrow with corner leftwards |
↶ | ↶ | U+021B6 | Anticlockwise top semicircle arrow |
↷ | ↷ | U+021B7 | Clockwise top semicircle arrow |
↺ | ↺ | U+021BA | Anticlockwise open circle arrow |
↻ | ↻ | U+021BB | Clockwise open circle arrow |
↼ | ↼ | U+021BC | Leftwards harpoon with barb upwards |
↽ | ↽ | U+021BD | Leftwards harpoon with barb downwards |
↾ | ↾ | U+021BE | Upwards harpoon with barb rightwards |
↿ | ↿ | U+021BF | Upwards harpoon with barb leftwards |
⇀ | ⇀ | U+021C0 | Rightwards harpoon with barb upwards |
⇁ | ⇁ | U+021C1 | Rightwards harpoon with barb downwards |
⇂ | ⇂ | U+021C2 | Downwards harpoon with barb rightwards |
⇃ | ⇃ | U+021C3 | Downwards harpoon with barb leftwards |
⇄ | ⇄ | U+021C4 | Rightwards arrow over leftwards arrow |
⇅ | ⇅ | U+021C5 | Upwards arrow leftwards of downwards arrow |
⇆ | ⇆ | U+021C6 | Leftwards arrow over rightwards arrow |
⇇ | ⇇ | U+021C7 | Leftwards paired arrows |
⇈ | ⇈ | U+021C8 | Upwards paired arrows |
⇉ | ⇉ | U+021C9 | Rightwards paired arrows |
⇊ | ⇊ | U+021CA | Downwards paired arrows |
⇋ | ⇋ | U+021CB | Leftwards harpoon over rightwards harpoon |
⇌ | ⇌ | U+021CC | Rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon |
⇍ | ⇍ | U+021CD | Leftwards double arrow with stroke |
⇎ | ⇎ | U+021CE | Left right double arrow with stroke |
⇏ | ⇏ | U+021CF | Rightwards double arrow with stroke |
⇐ | ⇐ | U+021D0 | Leftwards double arrow |
⇑ | ⇑ | U+021D1 | Upwards double arrow |
⇒ | ⇒ | U+021D2 | Rightwards double arrow |
⇓ | ⇓ | U+021D3 | Downwards double arrow |
⇔ | ⇔ | U+021D4 | Left right double arrow |
⇕ | ⇕ | U+021D5 | Up down double arrow |
⇖ | ⇖ | U+021D6 | North west double arrow |
⇗ | ⇗ | U+021D7 | North east double arrow |
⇘ | ⇘ | U+021D8 | South east double arrow |
⇙ | ⇙ | U+021D9 | South west double arrow |
⇚ | ⇚ | U+021DA | Leftwards triple arrow |
⇛ | ⇛ | U+021DB | Rightwards triple arrow |
⇝ | ⇝ | U+021DD | Rightwards squiggle arrow |
⇤ | ⇤ | U+021E4 | Leftwards arrow to bar |
⇥ | ⇥ | U+021E5 | Rightwards arrow to bar |
⇵ | ⇵ | U+021F5 | Downwards arrow leftwards of upwards arrow |
⇽ | ⇽ | U+021FD | Leftwards open-headed arrow |
⇾ | ⇾ | U+021FE | Rightwards open-headed arrow |
⇿ | ⇿ | U+021FF | Left right open-headed arrow |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
∀ | ∀ | U+02200 | For all |
∁ | ∁ | U+02201 | Complement |
∂ | ∂ | U+02202 | Partial differential |
∃ | ∃ | U+02203 | There exists |
∄ | ∄ | U+02204 | There does not exist |
∅ | ∅ | U+02205 | Empty set |
∇ | ∇ | U+02207 | Nabla |
∈ | ∈ | U+02208 | Element of |
∉ | ∉ | U+02209 | Not an element of |
∋ | ∋ | U+0220B | Contains as member |
∌ | ∌ | U+0220C | Does not contain as member |
∏ | ∏ | U+0220F | N-ary product |
∐ | ∐ | U+02210 | N-ary coproduct |
∑ | ∑ | U+02211 | N-ary summation |
− | − | U+02212 | Minus sign |
∓ | ∓ | U+02213 | Minus-or-plus sign |
∔ | ∔ | U+02214 | Dot plus |
∖ | ∖ | U+02216 | Set minus |
∗ | ∗ | U+02217 | Asterisk operator |
∘ | ∘ | U+02218 | Ring operator |
√ | √ | U+0221A | Square root |
∝ | ∝ | U+0221D | Proportional to |
∞ | ∞ | U+0221E | Infinity |
∟ | ∟ | U+0221F | Right angle |
∠ | ∠ | U+02220 | Angle |
∡ | ∡ | U+02221 | Measured angle |
∢ | ∢ | U+02222 | Spherical angle |
∣ | ∣ | U+02223 | Divides |
∤ | ∤ | U+02224 | Does not divide |
∥ | ∥ | U+02225 | Parallel to |
∦ | ∦ | U+02226 | Not parallel to |
∧ | ∧ | U+02227 | Logical AND |
∨ | ∨ | U+02228 | Logical OR |
∩ | ∩ | U+02229 | Intersection |
∪ | ∪ | U+0222A | Union |
∫ | ∫ | U+0222B | Integral |
∬ | ∬ | U+0222C | Double integral |
∭ | ∭ | U+0222D | Triple integral |
∮ | ∮ | U+0222E | Contour integral |
∯ | ∯ | U+0222F | Surface integral |
∰ | ∰ | U+02230 | Volume integral |
∱ | ∱ | U+02231 | Clockwise integral |
∲ | ∲ | U+02232 | Clockwise contour integral |
∳ | ∳ | U+02233 | Anticlockwise contour integral |
∴ | ∴ | U+02234 | Therefore |
∵ | ∵ | U+02235 | Because |
∶ | ∶ | U+02236 | Ratio |
∷ | ∷ | U+02237 | Proportion |
∸ | ∸ | U+02238 | Dot minus |
∺ | ∺ | U+0223A | Geometric proportion |
∻ | ∻ | U+0223B | Homothetic |
∼ | ∼ | U+0223C | Tilde operator |
∽ | ∽ | U+0223D | Reversed tilde |
∾ | ∾ | U+0223E | Inverted lazy S |
∿ | ∿ | U+0223F | Sine wave |
≀ | ≀ | U+02240 | Wreath product |
≁ | ≁ | U+02241 | Not tilde |
≂ | ≂ | U+02242 | Minus tilde |
≃ | ≃ | U+02243 | Asymptotically equal to |
≄ | ≄ | U+02244 | Not asymptotically equal to |
≅ | ≅ | U+02245 | Approximately equal to |
≆ | ≆ | U+02246 | Approximately but not actually equal to |
≇ | ≇ | U+02247 | Neither approximately nor actually equal to |
≈ | ≈ | U+02248 | Almost equal to |
≉ | ≉ | U+02249 | Not almost equal to |
≊ | ≊ | U+0224A | Almost equal or equal to |
≋ | ≋ | U+0224B | Triple tilde |
≌ | ≌ | U+0224C | All equal to |
≍ | ≍ | U+0224D | Equivalent to |
≎ | ≎ | U+0224E | Geometrically equivalent to |
≏ | ≏ | U+0224F | Difference between |
≐ | ≐ | U+02250 | Approaches the limit |
≑ | ≑ | U+02251 | Geometrically equal to |
≒ | ≒ | U+02252 | Approximately equal to or the image of |
≓ | ≓ | U+02253 | Image of or approximately equal to |
≔ | ≔ | U+02254 | Colon equals |
≕ | ≕ | U+02255 | Equals colon |
≖ | ≖ | U+02256 | Ring in equal to |
≗ | ≗ | U+02257 | Ring equal to |
≙ | ≙ | U+02259 | Estimates |
≚ | ≚ | U+0225A | Equiangular to |
≜ | ≜ | U+0225C | Delta equal to |
≟ | ≟ | U+0225F | Questioned equal to |
≠ | ≠ | U+02260 | Not equal to |
≡ | ≡ | U+02261 | Identical to |
≢ | ≢ | U+02262 | Not identical to |
≤ | ≤ | U+02264 | Less-than or equal to |
≥ | ≥ | U+02265 | Greater-than or equal to |
≦ | ≦ | U+02266 | Less-than over equal to |
≧ | ≧ | U+02267 | Greater-than over equal to |
≨ | ≨ | U+02268 | Less-than but not equal to |
≩ | ≩ | U+02269 | Greater-than but not equal to |
≪ | ≪ | U+0226A | Much less-than |
≫ | ≫ | U+0226B | Much greater-than |
≬ | ≬ | U+0226C | Between |
≭ | ≭ | U+0226D | Not equivalent to |
≮ | ≮ | U+0226E | Not less-than |
≯ | ≯ | U+0226F | Not greater-than |
≰ | ≰ | U+02270 | Neither less-than nor equal to |
≱ | ≱ | U+02271 | Neither greater-than nor equal to |
≲ | ≲ | U+02272 | Less-than or equivalent to |
≳ | ≳ | U+02273 | Greater-than or equivalent to |
≴ | ≴ | U+02274 | Neither less-than nor equivalent to |
≵ | ≵ | U+02275 | Neither greater-than nor equivalent to |
≶ | ≶ | U+02276 | Less-than or greater-than |
≷ | ≷ | U+02277 | Greater-than or less-than |
≸ | ≸ | U+02278 | Neither less-than nor greater-than |
≹ | ≹ | U+02279 | Neither greater-than nor less-than |
≺ | ≺ | U+0227A | Precedes |
≻ | ≻ | U+0227B | Succeeds |
≼ | ≼ | U+0227C | Precedes or equal to |
≽ | ≽ | U+0227D | Succeeds or equal to |
≾ | ≾ | U+0227E | Precedes or equivalent to |
≿ | ≿ | U+0227F | Succeeds or equivalent to |
⊀ | ⊀ | U+02280 | Does not precede |
⊁ | ⊁ | U+02281 | Does not succeed |
⊂ | ⊂ | U+02282 | Subset of |
⊃ | ⊃ | U+02283 | Superset of |
⊄ | ⊄ | U+02284 | Not a subset of |
⊅ | ⊅ | U+02285 | Not a superset of |
⊆ | ⊆ | U+02286 | Subset of or equal to |
⊇ | ⊇ | U+02287 | Superset of or equal to |
⊈ | ⊈ | U+02288 | Neither a subset of nor equal to |
⊉ | ⊉ | U+02289 | Neither a superset of nor equal to |
⊊ | ⊊ | U+0228A | Subset of with not equal to |
⊋ | ⊋ | U+0228B | Superset of with not equal to |
⊍ | ⊍ | U+0228D | Multiset multiplication |
⊎ | ⊎ | U+0228E | Multiset union |
⊏ | ⊏ | U+0228F | Square image of |
⊐ | ⊐ | U+02290 | Square original of |
⊑ | ⊑ | U+02291 | Square image of or equal to |
⊒ | ⊒ | U+02292 | Square original of or equal to |
⊓ | ⊓ | U+02293 | Square cap |
⊔ | ⊔ | U+02294 | Square cup |
⊕ | ⊕ | U+02295 | Circled plus |
⊖ | ⊖ | U+02296 | Circled minus |
⊗ | ⊗ | U+02297 | Circled times |
⊘ | ⊘ | U+02298 | Circled division slash |
⊙ | ⊙ | U+02299 | Circled dot operator |
⊚ | ⊚ | U+0229A | Circled ring operator |
⊛ | ⊛ | U+0229B | Circled asterisk operator |
⊝ | ⊝ | U+0229D | Circled dash |
⊞ | ⊞ | U+0229E | Squared plus |
⊟ | ⊟ | U+0229F | Squared minus |
⊠ | ⊠ | U+022A0 | Squared times |
⊡ | ⊡ | U+022A1 | Squared dot operator |
⊢ | ⊢ | U+022A2 | Right tack |
⊣ | ⊣ | U+022A3 | Left tack |
⊤ | ⊤ | U+022A4 | Down tack |
⊥ | ⊥ | U+022A5 | Up tack |
⊧ | ⊧ | U+022A7 | Models |
⊨ | ⊨ | U+022A8 | True |
⊩ | ⊩ | U+022A9 | Forces |
⊪ | ⊪ | U+022AA | Triple vertical bar right turnstile |
⊫ | ⊫ | U+022AB | Double vertical bar double right turnstile |
⊬ | ⊬ | U+022AC | Does not prove |
⊭ | ⊭ | U+022AD | Not true |
⊮ | ⊮ | U+022AE | Does not force |
⊯ | ⊯ | U+022AF | Negated double vertical bar double right turnstile |
⊰ | ⊰ | U+022B0 | Precedes under relation |
⊲ | ⊲ | U+022B2 | Normal subgroup of |
⊳ | ⊳ | U+022B3 | Contains as normal subgroup |
⊴ | ⊴ | U+022B4 | Normal subgroup of or equal to |
⊵ | ⊵ | U+022B5 | Contains as normal subgroup or equal to |
⊶ | ⊶ | U+022B6 | Original of |
⊷ | ⊷ | U+022B7 | Image of |
⊸ | ⊸ | U+022B8 | Multimap |
⊹ | ⊹ | U+022B9 | Hermitian conjugate matrix |
⊺ | ⊺ | U+022BA | Intercalate |
⊻ | ⊻ | U+022BB | XOR |
⊽ | ⊽ | U+022BD | NOR |
⊾ | ⊾ | U+022BE | Right angle with arc |
⊿ | ⊿ | U+022BF | Right triangle |
⋀ | ⋀ | U+022C0 | N-ary logical AND |
⋁ | ⋁ | U+022C1 | N-ary logicaL OR |
⋂ | ⋂ | U+022C2 | N-ary intersection |
⋃ | ⋃ | U+022C3 | N-ary union |
⋄ | ⋄ | U+022C4 | Diamond operator |
⋅ | ⋅ | U+022C5 | Dot operator |
⋆ | ⋆ | U+022C6 | Star operator |
⋇ | ⋇ | U+022C7 | Division times |
⋈ | ⋈ | U+022C8 | Bowtie |
⋉ | ⋉ | U+022C9 | Left normal factor semidirect product |
⋊ | ⋊ | U+022CA | Right normal factor semidirect product |
⋋ | ⋋ | U+022CB | Left semidirect product |
⋌ | ⋌ | U+022CC | Right semidirect product |
⋍ | ⋍ | U+022CD | Reversed tilde equals |
⋎ | ⋎ | U+022CE | Curly logical OR |
⋏ | ⋏ | U+022CF | Curly logical AND |
⋐ | ⋐ | U+022D0 | Double subset |
⋑ | ⋑ | U+022D1 | Double superset |
⋒ | ⋒ | U+022D2 | Double intersection |
⋓ | ⋓ | U+022D3 | Double union |
⋔ | ⋔ | U+022D4 | Pitchfork |
⋕ | ⋕ | U+022D5 | Equal and parallel to |
⋖ | ⋖ | U+022D6 | Less-than with dot |
⋗ | ⋗ | U+022D7 | Greater-than with dot |
⋘ | ⋘ | U+022D8 | Very much less-than |
⋙ | ⋙ | U+022D9 | Very much greater-than |
⋚ | ⋚ | U+022DA | Less-than equal to or greater-than |
⋛ | ⋛ | U+022DB | Greater-than equal to or less-than |
⋞ | ⋞ | U+022DE | Equal to or precedes |
⋟ | ⋟ | U+022DF | Equal to or succeeds |
⋠ | ⋠ | U+022E0 | Does not precede or equal |
⋡ | ⋡ | U+022E1 | Does not succeed or equal |
⋢ | ⋢ | U+022E2 | Not square image of or equal to |
⋣ | ⋣ | U+022E3 | Not square original of or equal to |
⋦ | ⋦ | U+022E6 | Less-than but not equivalent to |
⋧ | ⋧ | U+022E7 | Greater-than but not equivalent to |
⋨ | ⋨ | U+022E8 | Precedes but not equivalent to |
⋩ | ⋩ | U+022E9 | Succeeds but not equivalent to |
⋪ | ⋪ | U+022EA | Not normal subgroup of |
⋫ | ⋫ | U+022EB | Does not contain as normal subgroup |
⋬ | ⋬ | U+022EC | Not normal subgroup of or equal to |
⋭ | ⋭ | U+022ED | Does not contain as normal subgroup or equal |
⋮ | ⋮ | U+022EE | Vertical ellipsis |
⋯ | ⋯ | U+022EF | Midline horizontal ellipsis |
⋰ | ⋰ | U+022F0 | Up right diagonal ellipsis |
⋱ | ⋱ | U+022F1 | Down right diagonal ellipsis |
⋲ | ⋲ | U+022F2 | Element of with long horizontal stroke |
⋳ | ⋳ | U+022F3 | Element of with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke |
⋴ | ⋴ | U+022F4 | Small element of with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke |
⋵ | ⋵ | U+022F5 | Element of with dot above |
⋶ | ⋶ | U+022F6 | Element of with overbar |
⋷ | ⋷ | U+022F7 | Small element of with overbar |
⋹ | ⋹ | U+022F9 | Element of with two horizontal strokes |
⋺ | ⋺ | U+022FA | Contains with long horizontal stroke |
⋻ | ⋻ | U+022FB | Contains with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke |
⋼ | ⋼ | U+022FC | Small contains with vertical bar at end of horizontal stroke |
⋽ | ⋽ | U+022FD | Contains with overbar |
⋾ | ⋾ | U+022FE | Small contains with overbar |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⌅ | ⌅ | U+02305 | Projective |
⌆ | ⌆ | U+02306 | Perspective |
⌈ | ⌈ | U+02308 | Left ceiling |
⌉ | ⌉ | U+02309 | Right ceiling |
⌊ | ⌊ | U+0230A | Left floor |
⌋ | ⌋ | U+0230B | Right floor |
⌌ | ⌌ | U+0230C | Bottom right crop |
⌍ | ⌍ | U+0230D | Bottom left crop |
⌎ | ⌎ | U+0230E | Top right crop |
⌏ | ⌏ | U+0230F | Top left crop |
⌐ | ⌐ | U+02310 | Reversed not sign |
⌒ | ⌒ | U+02312 | Arc |
⌓ | ⌓ | U+02313 | Segment |
⌕ | ⌕ | U+02315 | Telephone recorder |
⌖ | ⌖ | U+02316 | Position indicator |
⌜ | ⌜ | U+0231C | Top left corner |
⌝ | ⌝ | U+0231D | Top right corner |
⌞ | ⌞ | U+0231E | Bottom left corner |
⌟ | ⌟ | U+0231F | Bottom right corner |
⌢ | ⌢ | U+02322 | Frown |
⌣ | ⌣ | U+02323 | Smile |
⌭ | ⌭ | U+0232D | Cylindricity |
⌮ | ⌮ | U+0232E | All around-profile |
⌶ | ⌶ | U+02336 | APL functional symbol I-beam |
⌽ | ⌽ | U+0233D | APL functional symbol circle stile |
⌿ | ⌿ | U+0233F | APL functional symbol slash bar |
⍼ | ⍼ | U+0237C | Right angle with downwards zigzag arrow |
⎰ | ⎰ | U+023B0 | Upper left or lower right curly bracket section |
⎱ | ⎱ | U+023B1 | Upper right or lower left curly bracket section |
⎴ | ⎴ | U+023B4 | Top square bracket |
⎵ | ⎵ | U+023B5 | Bottom square bracket |
⎶ | ⎶ | U+023B6 | Bottom square bracket over top square bracket |
⏜ | ⏜ | U+023DC | Top parenthesis |
⏝ | ⏝ | U+023DD | Bottom parenthesis |
⏞ | ⏞ | U+023DE | Top curly bracket |
⏟ | ⏟ | U+023DF | Bottom curly bracket |
⏢ | ⏢ | U+023E2 | White trapezium |
⏧ | ⏧ | U+023E7 | Electrical intersection |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
␣ | ␣ | U+02423 | Open box |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Ⓢ | Ⓢ | U+024C8 | Circled latin capital letter S |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
─ | ─ | U+02500 | Box drawings light horizontal |
│ | │ | U+02502 | Box drawings light vertical |
┌ | ┌ | U+0250C | Box drawings light down and right |
┐ | ┐ | U+02510 | Box drawings light down and left |
└ | └ | U+02514 | Box drawings light up and right |
┘ | ┘ | U+02518 | Box drawings light up and left |
├ | ├ | U+0251C | Box drawings light vertical and right |
┤ | ┤ | U+02524 | Box drawings light vertical and left |
┬ | ┬ | U+0252C | Box drawings light down and horizontal |
┴ | ┴ | U+02534 | Box drawings light up and horizontal |
┼ | ┼ | U+0253C | Box drawings light vertical and horizontal |
═ | ═ | U+02550 | Box drawings double horizontal |
║ | ║ | U+02551 | Box drawings double vertical |
╒ | ╒ | U+02552 | Box drawings down single and right double |
╓ | ╓ | U+02553 | Box drawings down double and right single |
╔ | ╔ | U+02554 | Box drawings double down and right |
╕ | ╕ | U+02555 | Box drawings down single and left double |
╖ | ╖ | U+02556 | Box drawings down double and left single |
╗ | ╗ | U+02557 | Box drawings double down and left |
╘ | ╘ | U+02558 | Box drawings up single and right double |
╙ | ╙ | U+02559 | Box drawings up double and right single |
╚ | ╚ | U+0255A | Box drawings double up and right |
╛ | ╛ | U+0255B | Box drawings up single and left double |
╜ | ╜ | U+0255C | Box drawings up double and left single |
╝ | ╝ | U+0255D | Box drawings double up and left |
╞ | ╞ | U+0255E | Box drawings vertical single and right double |
╟ | ╟ | U+0255F | Box drawings vertical double and right single |
╠ | ╠ | U+02560 | Box drawings double vertical and right |
╡ | ╡ | U+02561 | Box drawings vertical single and left double |
╢ | ╢ | U+02562 | Box drawings vertical double and left single |
╣ | ╣ | U+02563 | Box drawings double vertical and left |
╤ | ╤ | U+02564 | Box drawings down single and horizontal double |
╥ | ╥ | U+02565 | Box drawings down double and horizontal single |
╦ | ╦ | U+02566 | Box drawings double down and horizontal |
╧ | ╧ | U+02567 | Box drawings up single and horizontal double |
╨ | ╨ | U+02568 | Box drawings up double and horizontal single |
╩ | ╩ | U+02569 | Box drawings double up and horizontal |
╪ | ╪ | U+0256A | Box drawings vertical single and horizontal double |
╫ | ╫ | U+0256B | Box drawings vertical double and horizontal single |
╬ | ╬ | U+0256C | Box drawings double vertical and horizontal |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
▀ | ▀ | U+02580 | Upper half block |
▄ | ▄ | U+02584 | Lower half block |
█ | █ | U+02588 | Full block |
░ | &blk14 | U+02591 | Light shade |
▒ | &blk12 | U+02592 | Medium shade |
▓ | &blk34 | U+02593 | Dark shade |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
□ | □ | U+025A1 | White square |
▪ | ▪ | U+025AA | Black small square |
▫ | ▫ | U+025AB | White small square |
▭ | ▭ | U+025AD | White rectangle |
▮ | ▮ | U+025AE | Black vertical rectangle |
▱ | ▱ | U+025B1 | White parallelogram |
△ | △ | U+025B3 | White up-pointing triangle |
▴ | ▴ | U+025B4 | Black up-pointing small triangle |
▵ | ▵ | U+025B5 | White up-pointing small triangle |
▸ | ▸ | U+025B8 | Black right-pointing small triangle |
▹ | ▹ | U+025B9 | White right-pointing small triangle |
▽ | ▽ | U+025BD | White down-pointing triangle |
▾ | ▾ | U+025BE | Black down-pointing small triangle |
▿ | ▿ | U+025BF | White down-pointing small triangle |
◂ | ◂ | U+025C2 | Black left-pointing small triangle |
◃ | ◃ | U+025C3 | White left-pointing small triangle |
◊ | ◊ | U+025CA | Lozenge |
○ | ○ | U+025CB | White circle |
◬ | ◬ | U+025EC | White up-pointing triangle with dot |
◯ | ◯ | U+025EF | Large circle |
◸ | ◸ | U+025F8 | Upper left triangle |
◹ | ◹ | U+025F9 | Upper right triangle |
◺ | ◺ | U+025FA | Lower left triangle |
◻ | ◻ | U+025FB | White medium square |
◼ | ◼ | U+025FC | Black medium square |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
★ | ★ | U+02605 | Black star |
☆ | ☆ | U+02606 | White star |
☎ | ☎ | U+0260E | Black telephone |
♀ | ♀ | U+02640 | Female sign |
♂ | ♂ | U+02642 | Male sign |
♠ | ♠ | U+02660 | Black spade suit |
♣ | ♣ | U+02663 | Black club suit |
♥ | ♥ | U+02665 | Black heart suit |
♦ | ♦ | U+02666 | Black diamond suit |
♪ | ♪ | U+0266A | Eighth note |
♭ | ♭ | U+0266D | Music flat sign |
♮ | ♮ | U+0266E | Music natural sign |
♯ | ♯ | U+0266F | Music sharp sign |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
✓ | ✓ | U+02713 | Check mark |
✗ | ✗ | U+02717 | Ballot X |
✠ | ✠ | U+02720 | Maltese cross |
✶ | ✶ | U+02736 | Six pointed black star |
❘ | ❘ | U+02758 | Light vertical bar |
❲ | ❲ | U+02772 | Light left tortoise shell bracket ornament |
❳ | ❳ | U+02773 | Light right tortoise shell bracket ornament |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⟈ | ⟈ | U+027C8 | Mathematical reverse solidus preceding subset |
⟉ | ⟉ | U+027C9 | Mathematical superset preceding solidus |
⟦ | ⟦ | U+027E6 | Mathematical left white square bracket |
⟧ | ⟧ | U+027E7 | Mathematical right white square bracket |
⟨ | ⟨ | U+027E8 | Mathematical left angle bracket |
⟩ | ⟩ | U+027E9 | Mathematical right angle bracket |
⟪ | ⟪ | U+027EA | Mathematical left double angle bracket |
⟫ | ⟫ | U+027EB; | Mathematical right double angle bracket |
⟬ | ⟬ | U+027EC; | Mathematical left white tortoise shell bracket |
⟭ | ⟭ | U+027ED; | Mathematical right white tortoise shell bracket |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⟵ | ⟵ | U+027F5 | Long leftwards arrow |
⟶ | ⟶ | U+027F6 | Long rightwards arrow |
⟷ | ⟷ | U+027F7 | Long left right arrow |
⟸ | ⟸ | U+027F8 | Long leftwards double arrow |
⟹ | ⟹ | U+027F9 | Long rightwards double arrow |
⟺ | ⟺ | U+027FA | Long left right double arrow |
⟼ | ⟼ | U+027FC | Long rightwards arrow from bar |
⟿ | ⟿ | U+027FF | Long rightwards squiggle arrow |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⤂ | ⤂ | U+02902 | Leftwards double arrow with vertical stroke |
⤃ | ⤃ | U+02903 | Rightwards double arrow with vertical stroke |
⤄ | ⤄ | U+02904 | Left right double arrow with vertical stroke |
⤅ | ⤅ | U+02905 | Rightwards two-headed arrow from bar |
⤌ | ⤌ | U+0290C | Leftwards double dash arrow |
⤍ | ⤍ | U+0290D | Rightwards double dash arrow |
⤎ | ⤎ | U+0290E | Leftwards triple dash arrow |
⤏ | ⤏ | U+0290F | Rightwards triple dash arrow |
⤐ | ⤐ | U+02910 | Rightwards two-headed triple dash arrow |
⤑ | ⤑ | U+02911 | Rightwards arrow with dotted stem |
⤒ | ⤒ | U+02912 | Upwards arrow to bar |
⤓ | ⤓ | U+02913 | Downwards arrow to bar |
⤖ | ⤖ | U+02916 | Rightwards two-headed arrow with tail |
⤙ | ⤙ | U+02919 | Leftwards arrow-tail |
⤚ | ⤚ | U+0291A | Rightwards arrow-tail |
⤛ | ⤛ | U+0291B | Leftwards double arrow-tail |
⤜ | ⤜ | U+0291C | Rightwards double arrow-tail |
⤝ | ⤝ | U+0291D | Leftwards arrow to black diamond |
⤞ | ⤞ | U+0291E | Rightwards arrow to black diamond |
⤟ | ⤟ | U+0291F | Leftwards arrow from bar to black diamond |
⤠ | ⤠ | U+02920 | Rightwards arrow from bar to black diamond |
⤣ | ⤣ | U+02923 | North west arrow with hook |
⤤ | ⤤ | U+02924 | North east arrow with hook |
⤥ | ⤥ | U+02925 | South east arrow with hook |
⤦ | ⤦ | U+02926 | South west arrow with hook |
⤧ | ⤧ | U+02927 | North west arrow and north east arrow |
⤨ | ⤨ | U+02928 | North east arrow and south east arrow |
⤩ | ⤩ | U+02929 | South east arrow and south west arrow |
⤪ | ⤪ | U+0292A | South west arrow and north west arrow |
⤳ | ⤳ | U+02933 | Wave arrow pointing directly right |
⤵ | ⤵ | U+02935 | Arrow pointing rightwards then curving downwards |
⤶ | ⤶ | U+02936 | Arrow pointing downwards then curving leftwards |
⤷ | ⤷ | U+02937 | Arrow pointing downwards then curving rightwards |
⤸ | ⤸ | U+02938 | Right-side arc clockwise arrow |
⤹ | ⤹ | U+02939 | Left-side arc anticlockwise arrow |
⤼ | ⤼ | U+0293C | Top arc clockwise arrow with minus |
⤽ | ⤽ | U+0293D | Top arc anticlockwise arrow with plus |
⥅ | ⥅ | U+02945 | Rightwards arrow with plus below |
⥈ | ⥈ | U+02948 | Left right arrow through small circle |
⥉ | ⥉ | U+02949 | Upwards two-headed arrow from small circle |
⥊ | ⥊ | U+0294A | Left barb up right barb down harpoon |
⥋ | ⥋ | U+0294B | Left barb down right barb up harpoon |
⥎ | ⥎ | U+0294E | Left barb up right barb up harpoon |
⥏ | ⥏ | U+0294F | Up barb right down barb right harpoon |
⥐ | ⥐ | U+02950 | Left barb down right barb down harpoon |
⥑ | ⥑ | U+02951 | Up barb left down barb left harpoon |
⥒ | ⥒ | U+02952 | Leftwards harpoon with barb up to bar |
⥓ | ⥓ | U+02953 | Rightwards harpoon with barb up to bar |
⥔ | ⥔ | U+02954 | Upwards harpoon with barb right to bar |
⥕ | ⥕ | U+02955 | Downwards harpoon with barb right to bar |
⥖ | ⥖ | U+02956 | Leftwards harpoon with barb down to bar |
⥗ | ⥗ | U+02957 | Rightwards harpoon with barb down to bar |
⥘ | ⥘ | U+02958 | Upwards harpoon with barb left to bar |
⥙ | ⥙ | U+02959 | Downwards harpoon with barb left to bar |
⥚ | ⥚ | U+0295A | Leftwards harpoon with barb up from bar |
⥛ | ⥛ | U+0295B | Rightwards harpoon with barb up from bar |
⥜ | ⥜ | U+0295C | Upwards harpoon with barb right from bar |
⥝ | ⥝ | U+0295D | Downwards harpoon with barb right from bar |
⥞ | ⥞ | U+0295E | Leftwards harpoon with barb down from bar |
⥟ | ⥟ | U+0295F | Rightwards harpoon with barb down from bar |
⥠ | ⥠ | U+02960 | Upwards harpoon with barb left from bar |
⥡ | ⥡ | U+02961 | Downwards harpoon with barb left from bar |
⥢ | ⥢ | U+02962 | Leftwards harpoon with barb up above leftwards harpoon with barb down |
⥣ | ⥣ | U+02963 | Upwards harpoon with barb left beside upwards harpoon with barb right |
⥤ | ⥤ | U+02964 | Rightwards harpoon with barb up above rightwards harpoon with barb down |
⥥ | ⥥ | U+02965 | Downwards harpoon with barb left beside downwards harpoon with barb right |
⥦ | ⥦ | U+02966 | Leftwards harpoon with barb up above rightwards harpoon with barb up |
⥧ | ⥧ | U+02967 | Leftwards harpoon with barb down above rightwards harpoon with barb down |
⥨ | ⥨ | U+02968 | Rightwards harpoon with barb up above leftwards harpoon with barb up |
⥩ | ⥩ | U+02969 | Rightwards harpoon with barb down above leftwards harpoon with barb down |
⥪ | ⥪ | U+0296A | Leftwards harpoon with barb up above long dash |
⥫ | ⥫ | U+0296B | Leftwards harpoon with barb down below long dash |
⥬ | ⥬ | U+0296C | Rightwards harpoon with barb up above long dash |
⥭ | ⥭ | U+0296D | Rightwards harpoon with barb down below long dash |
⥮ | ⥮ | U+0296E | Upwards harpoon with barb left beside downwards harpoon with barb right |
⥯ | ⥯ | U+0296F | Downwards harpoon with barb left beside upwards harpoon with barb right |
⥰ | ⥰ | U+02970 | Right double arrow with rounded head |
⥱ | ⥱ | U+02971 | Equals sign above rightwards arrow |
⥲ | ⥲ | U+02972 | Tilde operator above rightwards arrow |
⥳ | ⥳ | U+02973 | Leftwards arrow above tilde operator |
⥴ | ⥴ | U+02974 | Rightwards arrow above tilde operator |
⥵ | ⥵ | U+02975 | Rightwards arrow above almost equal to |
⥶ | ⥶ | U+02976 | Less-than above leftwards arrow |
⥸ | ⥸ | U+02978 | Greater-than above rightwards arrow |
⥹ | ⥹ | U+02979 | Subset above rightwards arrow |
⥻ | ⥻ | U+0297B | Superset above leftwards arrow |
⥼ | ⥼ | U+0297C | Left fish tail |
⥽ | ⥽ | U+0297D | Right fish tail |
⥾ | ⥾ | U+0297E | Up fish tail |
⥿ | ⥿ | U+0297F | Down fish tail |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⦅ | ⦅ | U+02985 | Left white parenthesis |
⦆ | ⦆ | U+02986 | Right white parenthesis |
⦋ | ⦋ | U+0298B | Left square bracket with underbar |
⦌ | ⦌ | U+0298C | Right square bracket with underbar |
⦍ | ⦍ | U+0298D | Left square bracket with tick in top corner |
⦎ | ⦎ | U+0298E | Right square bracket with tick in bottom corner |
⦏ | ⦏ | U+0298F | Left square bracket with tick in bottom corner |
⦐ | ⦐ | U+02990 | Right square bracket with tick in top corner |
⦑ | ⦑ | U+02991 | Left angle bracket with dot |
⦒ | ⦒ | U+02992 | Right angle bracket with dot |
⦓ | ⦓ | U+02993 | Left arc less-than bracket |
⦔ | ⦔ | U+02994 | Right arc greater-than bracket |
⦕ | ⦕ | U+02995 | Double left arc greater-than bracket |
⦖ | ⦖ | U+02996 | Double right arc less-than bracket |
⦚ | ⦚ | U+0299A | Vertical zigzag line |
⦜ | ⦜ | U+0299C | Right angle variant with square |
⦝ | ⦝ | U+0299D | Measured right angle with dot |
⦤ | ⦤ | U+029A4 | Angle with underbar |
⦥ | ⦥ | U+029A5 | Reversed angle with underbar |
⦦ | ⦦ | U+029A6 | Oblique angle opening up |
⦧ | ⦧ | U+029A7 | Oblique angle opening down |
⦨ | ⦨ | U+029A8 | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing up and right |
⦩ | ⦩ | U+029A9 | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing up and left |
⦪ | ⦪ | U+029AA | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing down and right |
⦫ | ⦫ | U+029AB | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing down and left |
⦬ | ⦬ | U+029AC | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing right and up |
⦭ | ⦭ | U+029AD | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing left and up |
⦮ | ⦮ | U+029AE | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing right and down |
⦯ | ⦯ | U+029AF | Measured angle with open arm ending in arrow pointing left and down |
⦰ | ⦰ | U+029B0 | Reversed empty set |
⦱ | ⦱ | U+029B1 | Empty set with overbar |
⦲ | ⦲ | U+029B2 | Empty set with small circle above |
⦳ | ⦳ | U+029B3 | Empty set with right arrow above |
⦴ | ⦴ | U+029B4 | Empty set with left arrow above |
⦵ | ⦵ | U+029B5 | Circle with horizontal bar |
⦶ | ⦶ | U+029B6 | Circled vertical bar |
⦷ | ⦷ | U+029B7 | Circled parallel |
⦹ | ⦹ | U+029B9 | Circled perpendicular |
⦻ | ⦻ | U+029BB | Circle with superimposed X |
⦼ | ⦼ | U+029BC | Circled anticlockwise-rotated division sign |
⦾ | ⦾ | U+029BE | Circled white bullet |
⦿ | ⦿ | U+029BF | Circled bullet |
⧀ | ⧀ | U+029C0 | Circled less-than |
⧁ | ⧁ | U+029C1 | Circled greater-than |
⧂ | ⧂ | U+029C2 | Circle with small circle to the right |
⧃ | ⧃ | U+029C3 | Circle with two horizontal strokes to the right |
⧄ | ⧄ | U+029C4 | Squared rising diagonal slash |
⧅ | ⧅ | U+029C5 | Squared falling diagonal slash |
⧉ | ⧉ | U+029C9 | Two joined squares |
⧍ | ⧍ | U+029CD | Triangle with serifs at bottom |
⧎ | ⧎ | U+029CE | Right triangle above left triangle |
⧏ | ⧏ | U+029CF | Left triangle beside vertical bar |
⧐ | ⧐ | U+029D0 | Vertical bar beside right triangle |
⧚ | ∽̱ | U+029DA | Left double wiggly fence |
⧜ | ⧜ | U+029DC | Incomplete infinity |
⧝ | ⧝ | U+029DD | Tie over infinity |
⧞ | ⧞ | U+029DE | Infinity negated with vertical bar |
⧣ | ⧣ | U+029E3 | Equals sign and slanted parallel |
⧤ | ⧤ | U+029E4 | Equals sign and slanted parallel with tilde above |
⧥ | ⧥ | U+029E5 | Identical to and slanted parallel |
⧫ | ⧫ | U+029EB | Black lozenge |
⧴ | ⧴ | U+029F4 | Rule-delayed |
⧶ | ⧶ | U+029F6 | Solidus with overbar |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
⨀ | ⨀ | U+02A00 | N-ary circled dot operator |
⨁ | ⨁ | U+02A01 | N-ary circled plus operator |
⨂ | ⨂ | U+02A02 | N-ary circled times operator |
⨄ | ⨄ | U+02A04 | N-ary union operator with plus |
⨆ | ⨆ | U+02A06 | N-ary square union operator |
⨌ | ⨌ | U+02A0C | Quadruple integral operator |
⨍ | ⨍ | U+02A0D | Finite part integral |
⨐ | ⨐ | U+02A10 | Circulation function |
⨑ | ⨑ | U+02A11 | Anticlockwise integration |
⨒ | ⨒ | U+02A12 | Line integration with rectangular path around pole |
⨓ | ⨓ | U+02A13 | Line integration with semicircular path around pole |
⨔ | ⨔ | U+02A14 | Line integration not including the pole |
⨕ | ⨕ | U+02A15 | Integral around a point operator |
⨖ | ⨖ | U+02A16 | Quaternion integral operator |
⨗ | ⨗ | U+02A17 | Integral with leftwards arrow with hook |
⨢ | ⨢ | U+02A22 | Plus sign with small circle above |
⨣ | ⨣ | U+02A23 | Plus sign with circumflex accent above |
⨤ | ⨤ | U+02A24 | Plus sign with tilde above |
⨥ | ⨥ | U+02A25 | Plus sign with dot below |
⨦ | ⨦ | U+02A26 | Plus sign with tilde below |
⨧ | ⨧ | U+02A27 | Plus sign with subscript two |
⨩ | ⨩ | U+02A29 | Minus sign with comma above |
⨪ | ⨪ | U+02A2A | Minus sign with dot below |
⨭ | ⨭ | U+02A2D | Plus sign in left half circle |
⨮ | ⨮ | U+02A2E | Plus sign in right half circle |
⨯ | ⨯ | U+02A2F | Vector or cross product |
⨰ | ⨰ | U+02A30 | Multiplication sign with dot above |
⨱ | ⨱ | U+02A31 | Multiplication sign with underbar |
⨳ | ⨳ | U+02A33 | Smash product |
⨴ | ⨴ | U+02A34 | Multiplication sign in left half circle |
⨵ | ⨵ | U+02A35 | Multiplication sign in right half circle |
⨶ | ⨶ | U+02A36 | Circled multiplication sign with circumflex accent |
⨷ | ⨷ | U+02A37 | Multiplication sign in double circle |
⨸ | ⨸ | U+02A38 | Circled division sign |
⨹ | ⨹ | U+02A39 | Plus sign in triangle |
⨺ | ⨺ | U+02A3A | Minus sign in triangle |
⨻ | ⨻ | U+02A3B | Multiplication sign in triangle |
⨼ | ⨼ | U+02A3C | Interior product |
⨿ | ⨿ | U+02A3F; | Amalgamation or coproduct |
⩀ | ⩀ | U+02A40 | Intersection with dot |
⩂ | ⩂ | U+02A42 | Union with overbar |
⩃ | ⩃ | U+02A43 | Intersection with overbar |
⩄ | ⩄ | U+02A44 | Intersection with logical AND |
⩅ | ⩅ | U+02A45 | Union with logical OR |
⩆ | ⩆ | U+02A46 | Union above intersection |
⩇ | ⩇ | U+02A47 | Intersection above union |
⩈ | ⩈ | U+02A48 | Union above bar above intersection |
⩉ | ⩉ | U+02A49 | Intersection above bar above union |
⩊ | ⩊ | U+02A4A | Union beside and joined with union |
⩋ | ⩋ | U+02A4B | Intersection beside and joined with intersection |
⩌ | ⩌ | U+02A4C | Closed union with serifs |
⩍ | ⩍ | U+02A4D | Closed intersection with serifs |
⩐ | ⩐ | U+02A50 | Closed union with serifs and smash product |
⩓ | ⩓ | U+02A53 | Double logical AND |
⩔ | ⩔ | U+02A54 | Double logical OR |
⩕ | ⩕ | U+02A55 | Two intersecting logical AND |
⩖ | ⩖ | U+02A56 | Two intersecting logical OR |
⩗ | ⩗ | U+02A57 | Sloping large OR |
⩘ | ⩘ | U+02A58 | Sloping large AND |
⩚ | ⩚ | U+02A5A | Logical AND with middle stem |
⩛ | ⩛ | U+02A5B | Logical OR with middle stem |
⩜ | ⩜ | U+02A5C | Logical AND with horizontal dash |
⩝ | ⩝ | U+02A5D | Logical OR with horizontal dash |
⩟ | ⩟ | U+02A5F | Logical AND with underbar |
⩦ | ⩦ | U+02A66 | Equals sign with dot below |
⩪ | ⩪ | U+02A6A | Tilde operator with dot above |
⩭ | ⩭ | U+02A6D | Congruent with dot above |
⩮ | ⩮ | U+02A6E | Equals with asterisk |
⩯ | ⩯ | U+02A6F | Almost equal to with circumflex accent |
⩰ | ⩰ | U+02A70 | Approximately equal or equal to |
⩱ | ⩱ | U+02A71 | Equals sign above plus sign |
⩲ | ⩲ | U+02A72 | Plus sign above equals sign |
⩳ | ⩳ | U+02A73 | Equals sign above tilde operator |
⩴ | ⩴ | U+02A74 | Double colon equal |
⩵ | ⩵ | U+02A75 | Two consecutive equals signs |
⩷ | ⩷ | U+02A77 | Equals sign with two dots above and two dots below |
⩸ | ⩸ | U+02A78 | Equivalent with four dots above |
⩹ | ⩹ | U+02A79 | Less-than with circle inside |
⩺ | ⩺ | U+02A7A | Greater-than with circle inside |
⩻ | ⩻ | U+02A7B | Less-than with question mark above |
⩼ | ⩼ | U+02A7C | Greater-than with question mark above |
⩽ | ⩽ | U+02A7D | Less-than or slanted equal to |
⩾ | ⩾ | U+02A7E | Greater-than or slanted equal to |
⩿ | ⩿ | U+02A7F | Less-than or slanted equal to with dot inside |
⪀ | ⪀ | U+02A80 | Greater-than or slanted equal to with dot inside |
⪁ | ⪁ | U+02A81 | Less-than or slanted equal to with dot above |
⪂ | ⪂ | U+02A82 | Greater-than or slanted equal to with dot above |
⪃ | ⪃ | U+02A83 | Less-than or slanted equal to with dot above right |
⪄ | ⪄ | U+02A84 | Greater-than or slanted equal to with dot above left |
⪅ | ⪅ | U+02A85 | Less-than or approximate |
⪆ | ⪆ | U+02A86 | Greater-than or approximate |
⪇ | ⪇ | U+02A87 | Less-than and single-line not equal to |
⪈ | ⪈ | U+02A88 | Greater-than and single-line not equal to |
⪉ | ⪉ | U+02A89 | Less-than and not approximate |
⪊ | ⪊ | U+02A8A | Greater-than and not approximate |
⪋ | ⪋ | U+02A8B | Less-than above double-line equal above greater-than |
⪌ | ⪌ | U+02A8C | Greater-than above double-line equal above less-than |
⪍ | ⪍ | U+02A8D | Less-than above similar or equal |
⪎ | ⪎ | U+02A8E | Greater-than above similar or equal |
⪏ | ⪏ | U+02A8F | Less-than above similar above greater-than |
⪐ | ⪐ | U+02A90 | Greater-than above similar above less-than |
⪑ | ⪑ | U+02A91 | Less-than above greater-than above double-line equal |
⪒ | ⪒ | U+02A92 | Greater-than above less-than above double-line equal |
⪓ | ⪓ | U+02A93 | Less-than above slanted equal above greater-than above slanted equal |
⪔ | ⪔ | U+02A94 | Greater-than above slanted equal above less-than above slanted equal |
⪕ | ⪕ | U+02A95 | Slanted equal to or less-than |
⪖ | ⪖ | U+02A96 | Slanted equal to or greater-than |
⪗ | ⪗ | U+02A97 | Slanted equal to or less-than with dot inside |
⪘ | ⪘ | U+02A98 | Slanted equal to or greater-than with dot inside |
⪙ | ⪙ | U+02A99 | Double-line equal to or less-than |
⪚ | ⪚ | U+02A9A | Double-line equal to or greater-than |
⪝ | ⪝ | U+02A9D | Similar or less-than |
⪞ | ⪞ | U+02A9E | Similar or greater-than |
⪟ | ⪟ | U+02A9F | Similar above less-than above equals sign |
⪠ | ⪠ | U+02AA0 | Similar above greater-than above equals sign |
⪡ | ⪡ | U+02AA1 | Double nested less-than |
⪢ | ⪢ | U+02AA2 | Double nested greater-than |
⪤ | ⪤ | U+02AA4 | Greater-than overlapping less-than |
⪥ | ⪥ | U+02AA5 | Greater-than beside less-than |
⪦ | ⪦ | U+02AA6 | Less-than closed by curve |
⪧ | ⪧ | U+02AA7 | Greater-than closed by curve |
⪨ | ⪨ | U+02AA8 | Less-than closed by curve above slanted equal |
⪩ | ⪩ | U+02AA9 | Greater-than closed by curve above slanted equal |
⪪ | ⪪ | U+02AAA | Smaller than |
⪫ | ⪫ | U+02AAB | Larger than |
⪬ | ⪬ | U+02AAC | Smaller than or equal to |
⪭ | ⪭ | U+02AAD | Larger than or equal to |
⪮ | ⪮ | U+02AAE | Equals sign with bumpy above |
⪯ | ⪯ | U+02AAF | Precedes above single-line equals sign |
⪰ | ⪰ | U+02AB0 | Succeeds above single-line equals sign |
⪳ | ⪳ | U+02AB3 | Precedes above equals sign |
⪴ | ⪴ | U+02AB4 | Succeeds above equals sign |
⪵ | ⪵ | U+02AB5 | Precedes above not equal to |
⪶ | ⪶ | U+02AB6 | Succeeds above not equal to |
⪷ | ⪷ | U+02AB7 | Precedes above almost equal to |
⪸ | ⪸ | U+02AB8 | succeeds above almost equal to |
⪹ | ⪹ | U+02AB9 | Precedes above not almost equal to |
⪺ | ⪺ | U+02ABA | Succeeds above not almost equal to |
⪻ | ⪻ | U+02ABB | Double precedes |
⪼ | ⪼ | U+02ABC | Double succeeds |
⪽ | ⪽ | U+02ABD | Subset with dot |
⪾ | ⪾ | U+02ABE | Superset with dot |
⪿ | ⪿ | U+02ABF | Subset with plus sign below |
⫀ | ⫀ | U+02AC0 | Superset with plus sign below |
⫁ | ⫁ | U+02AC1 | Subset with multiplication sign below |
⫂ | ⫂ | U+02AC2 | Superset with multiplication sign below |
⫃ | ⫃ | U+02AC3 | Subset of or equal to with dot above |
⫄ | ⫄ | U+02AC4 | Superset of or equal to with dot above |
⫅ | ⫅ | U+02AC5 | Subset of above equals sign |
⫆ | ⫆ | U+02AC6 | Superset of above equals sign |
⫇ | ⫇ | U+02AC7 | Subset of above tilde operator |
⫈ | ⫈ | U+02AC8 | Superset of above tilde operator |
⫋ | ⫋ | U+02ACB | Subset of above not equal to |
⫌ | ⫌ | U+02ACC | Superset of above not equal to |
⫏ | ⫏ | U+02ACF | Closed subset |
⫐ | ⫐ | U+02AD0 | Closed superset |
⫑ | ⫑ | U+02AD1 | Closed subset or equal to |
⫒ | ⫒ | U+02AD2 | Closed superset or equal to |
⫓ | ⫓ | U+02AD3 | Subset above superset |
⫔ | ⫔ | U+02AD4 | Superset above subset |
⫕ | ⫕ | U+02AD5 | Subset above subset |
⫖ | ⫖ | U+02AD6 | Superset above superset |
⫗ | ⫗ | U+02AD7 | Superset beside subset |
⫘ | ⫘ | U+02AD8 | Superset beside and joined by dash with subset |
⫙ | ⫙ | U+02AD9 | Element of opening downwards |
⫚ | ⫚ | U+02ADA | Pitchfork with tee top |
⫛ | ⫛ | U+02ADB | Transversal intersection |
⫤ | ⫤ | U+02AE4 | Vertical bar double left turnstile |
⫦ | ⫦ | U+02AE6 | Long dash from left member of double vertical |
⫧ | ⫧ | U+02AE7 | Short down tack with overbar |
⫨ | ⫨ | U+02AE8 | Short up tack with underbar |
⫩ | ⫩ | U+02AE9 | Short up tack above short down tack |
⫫ | ⫫ | U+02AEB | Double up tack |
⫬ | ⫬ | U+02AEC | Double stroke not sign |
⫭ | ⫭ | U+02AED | Reversed double stroke not sign |
⫮ | ⫮ | U+02AEE | Does not divide with reversed negation slash |
⫯ | ⫯ | U+02AEF | Vertical line with circle above |
⫰ | ⫰ | U+02AF0 | Vertical line with circle below |
⫱ | ⫱ | U+02AF1 | Down tack with circle below |
⫲ | ⫲ | U+02AF2 | Parallel with horizontal stroke |
⫳ | ⫳ | U+02AF3 | Parallel with tilde operator |
⫽ | ⫽ | U+02AFD | Double solidus operator |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ff | ff | U+0FB00 | Latin small ligature ff |
fi | fi | U+0FB01 | Latin small ligature fi |
fl | fl | U+0FB02 | Latin small ligature fl |
ffi | ffi | U+0FB03 | Latin small ligature ffi |
ffl | ffl | U+0FB04 | Latin small ligature ffl |
Symbol | HTML entity | Unicode | Description |
---|---|---|---|
𝒜 | 𝒜 | U+1D49C | Mathematical script capital A |
𝒞 | 𝒞 | U+1D49E | Mathematical script capital C |
𝒟 | 𝒟 | U+1D49F | Mathematical script capital D |
𝒢 | 𝒢 | U+1D4A2 | Mathematical script capital G |
𝒥 | 𝒥 | U+1D4A5 | Mathematical script capital J |
𝒦 | 𝒦 | U+1D4A6 | Mathematical script capital K |
𝒩 | 𝒩 | U+1D4A9 | Mathematical script capital N |
𝒪 | 𝒪 | U+1D4AA | Mathematical script capital O |
𝒫 | 𝒫 | U+1D4AB | Mathematical script capital P |
𝒬 | 𝒬 | U+1D4AC | Mathematical script capital Q |
𝒮 | 𝒮 | U+1D4AE | Mathematical script capital S |
𝒯 | 𝒯 | U+1D4AF | Mathematical script capital T |
𝒰 | 𝒰 | U+1D4B0 | Mathematical script capital U |
𝒱 | 𝒱 | U+1D4B1 | Mathematical script capital V |
𝒲 | 𝒲 | U+1D4B2 | Mathematical script capital W |
𝒳 | 𝒳 | U+1D4B3 | Mathematical script capital X |
𝒴 | 𝒴 | U+1D4B4 | Mathematical script capital Y |
𝒵 | 𝒵 | U+1D4B5 | Mathematical script capital Z |
𝒶 | 𝒶 | U+1D4B6 | Mathematical script small a |
𝒷 | 𝒷 | U+1D4B7 | Mathematical script small b |
𝒸 | 𝒸 | U+1D4B8 | Mathematical script small c |
𝒹 | 𝒹 | U+1D4B9 | Mathematical script small d |
𝒻 | 𝒻 | U+1D4BB | Mathematical script small f |
𝒽 | 𝒽 | U+1D4BD | Mathematical script small h |
𝒾 | 𝒾 | U+1D4BE | Mathematical script small i |
𝒿 | 𝒿 | U+1D4BF | Mathematical script small j |
𝓀 | 𝓀 | U+1D4C0 | Mathematical script small k |
𝓁 | 𝓁 | U+1D4C1 | Mathematical script small l |
𝓂 | 𝓂 | U+1D4C2 | Mathematical script small m |
𝓃 | 𝓃 | U+1D4C3 | Mathematical script small n |
𝓅 | 𝓅 | U+1D4C5 | Mathematical script small p |
𝓆 | 𝓆 | U+1D4C6 | Mathematical script small q |
𝓇 | 𝓇 | U+1D4C7 | Mathematical script small r |
𝓈 | 𝓈 | U+1D4C8 | Mathematical script small s |
𝓉 | 𝓉 | U+1D4C9 | Mathematical script small t |
𝓊 | 𝓊 | U+1D4CA | Mathematical script small u |
𝓋 | 𝓋 | U+1D4CB | Mathematical script small v |
𝓌 | 𝓌 | U+1D4CC | Mathematical script small w |
𝓍 | 𝓍 | U+1D4CD | Mathematical script small x |
𝓎 | 𝓎 | U+1D4CE | Mathematical script small y |
𝓏 | 𝓏 | U+1D4CF | Mathematical script small z |
𝔄 | 𝔄 | U+1D504 | Mathematical fraktur capital A |
𝔅 | 𝔅 | U+1D505 | Mathematical fraktur capital B |
𝔇 | 𝔇 | U+1D507 | Mathematical fraktur capital D |
𝔈 | 𝔈 | U+1D508 | Mathematical fraktur capital E |
𝔉 | 𝔉 | U+1D509 | Mathematical fraktur capital F |
𝔊 | 𝔊 | U+1D50A | Mathematical fraktur capital G |
𝔍 | 𝔍 | U+1D50D | Mathematical fraktur capital J |
𝔎 | 𝔎 | U+1D50E | Mathematical fraktur capital K |
𝔏 | 𝔏 | U+1D50F | Mathematical fraktur capital L |
𝔐 | 𝔐 | U+1D510 | Mathematical fraktur capital M |
𝔑 | 𝔑 | U+1D511 | Mathematical fraktur capital N |
𝔒 | 𝔒 | U+1D512 | Mathematical fraktur capital O |
𝔓 | 𝔓 | U+1D513 | Mathematical fraktur capital P |
𝔔 | 𝔔 | U+1D514 | Mathematical fraktur capital Q |
𝔖 | 𝔖 | U+1D516 | Mathematical fraktur capital S |
𝔗 | 𝔗 | U+1D517 | Mathematical fraktur capital T |
𝔘 | 𝔘 | U+1D518 | Mathematical fraktur capital U |
𝔙 | 𝔙 | U+1D519 | Mathematical fraktur capital V |
𝔚 | 𝔚 | U+1D51A | Mathematical fraktur capital W |
𝔛 | 𝔛 | U+1D51B | Mathematical fraktur capital X |
𝔜 | 𝔜 | U+1D51C | Mathematical fraktur capital Y |
𝔞 | 𝔞 | U+1D51E | Mathematical fraktur small a |
𝔟 | 𝔟 | U+1D51F | Mathematical fraktur small b |
𝔠 | 𝔠 | U+1D520 | Mathematical fraktur small c |
𝔡 | 𝔡 | U+1D521 | Mathematical fraktur small d |
𝔢 | 𝔢 | U+1D522 | Mathematical fraktur small e |
𝔣 | 𝔣 | U+1D523 | Mathematical fraktur small f |
𝔤 | 𝔤 | U+1D524 | Mathematical fraktur small g |
𝔥 | 𝔥 | U+1D525 | Mathematical fraktur small h |
𝔦 | 𝔦 | U+1D526 | Mathematical fraktur small i |
𝔧 | 𝔧 | U+1D527 | Mathematical fraktur small j |
𝔨 | 𝔨 | U+1D528 | Mathematical fraktur small k |
𝔩 | 𝔩 | U+1D529 | Mathematical fraktur small l |
𝔪 | 𝔪 | U+1D52A | Mathematical fraktur small m |
𝔫 | 𝔫 | U+1D52B | Mathematical fraktur small n |
𝔬 | 𝔬 | U+1D52C | Mathematical fraktur small o |
𝔭 | 𝔭 | U+1D52D | Mathematical fraktur small p |
𝔮 | 𝔮 | U+1D52E | Mathematical fraktur small q |
𝔯 | 𝔯 | U+1D52F | Mathematical fraktur small r |
𝔰 | 𝔰 | U+1D530 | Mathematical fraktur small s |
𝔱 | 𝔱 | U+1D531 | Mathematical fraktur small t |
𝔲 | 𝔲 | U+1D532 | Mathematical fraktur small u |
𝔳 | 𝔳 | U+1D533 | Mathematical fraktur small v |
𝔴 | 𝔴 | U+1D534 | Mathematical fraktur small w |
𝔵 | 𝔵 | U+1D535 | Mathematical fraktur small x |
𝔶 | 𝔶 | U+1D536 | Mathematical fraktur small y |
𝔷 | 𝔷 | U+1D537 | Mathematical fraktur small z |
𝔸 | 𝔸 | U+1D538 | Mathematical double-struck capital A |
𝔹 | 𝔹 | U+1D539 | Mathematical double-struck capital B |
𝔻 | 𝔻 | U+1D53B | Mathematical double-struck capital D |
𝔼 | 𝔼 | U+1D53C | Mathematical double-struck capital E |
𝔽 | 𝔽 | U+1D53D | Mathematical double-struck capital F |
𝔾 | 𝔾 | U+1D53E | Mathematical double-struck capital G |
𝕀 | 𝕀 | U+1D540 | Mathematical double-struck capital I |
𝕁 | 𝕁 | U+1D541 | Mathematical double-struck capital J |
𝕂 | 𝕂 | U+1D542 | Mathematical double-struck capital K |
𝕃 | 𝕃 | U+1D543 | Mathematical double-struck capital L |
𝕄 | 𝕄 | U+1D544 | Mathematical double-struck capital M |
𝕆 | 𝕆 | U+1D546 | Mathematical double-struck capital O |
𝕊 | 𝕊 | U+1D54A | Mathematical double-struck capital S |
𝕋 | 𝕋 | U+1D54B | Mathematical double-struck capital T |
𝕌 | 𝕌 | U+1D54C | Mathematical double-struck capital U |
𝕍 | 𝕍 | U+1D54D | Mathematical double-struck capital V |
𝕎 | 𝕎 | U+1D54E | Mathematical double-struck capital W |
𝕏 | 𝕏 | U+1D54F | Mathematical double-struck capital X |
𝕐 | 𝕐 | U+1D550 | Mathematical double-struck capital Y |
𝕒 | 𝕒 | U+1D552 | Mathematical double-struck small a |
𝕓 | 𝕓 | U+1D553 | Mathematical double-struck small b |
𝕔 | 𝕔 | U+1D554 | Mathematical double-struck small c |
𝕕 | 𝕕 | U+1D555 | Mathematical double-struck small d |
𝕖 | 𝕖 | U+1D556 | Mathematical double-struck small e |
𝕗 | 𝕗 | U+1D557 | Mathematical double-struck small f |
𝕘 | 𝕘 | U+1D558 | Mathematical double-struck small g |
𝕙 | 𝕙 | U+1D559 | Mathematical double-struck small h |
𝕚 | 𝕚 | U+1D55A | Mathematical double-struck small i |
𝕛 | 𝕛 | U+1D55B | Mathematical double-struck small j |
𝕜 | 𝕜 | U+1D55C | Mathematical double-struck small k |
𝕝 | 𝕝 | U+1D55D | Mathematical double-struck small l |
𝕞 | 𝕞 | U+1D55E | Mathematical double-struck small m |
𝕟 | 𝕟 | U+1D55F | Mathematical double-struck small n |
𝕠 | 𝕠 | U+1D560 | Mathematical double-struck small o |
𝕡 | 𝕡 | U+1D561 | Mathematical double-struck small p |
𝕢 | 𝕢 | U+1D562 | Mathematical double-struck small q |
𝕣 | 𝕣 | U+1D563 | Mathematical double-struck small r |
𝕤 | 𝕤 | U+1D564 | Mathematical double-struck small s |
𝕥 | 𝕥 | U+1D565 | Mathematical double-struck small t |
𝕦 | 𝕦 | U+1D566 | Mathematical double-struck small u |
𝕧 | 𝕧 | U+1D567 | Mathematical double-struck small v |
𝕨 | 𝕨 | U+1D568 | Mathematical double-struck small W |
𝕩 | 𝕩 | U+1D569 | Mathematical double-struck small X |
𝕪 | 𝕪 | U+1D56A | Mathematical double-struck small y |
𝕫 | 𝕫 | U+1D56B | Mathematical double-struck small z |